#11#
Revisiones-Ciencias
Básicas-Eventos celulares *** Reviews-Basic Sciences-Cellular events
INMUNOSUPRESIÓN
*** IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
(Conceptos
/ Keywords: Immunosuppression; Immunosuppressive ag.; Transpl. immunol.; GVH;
Antirejection therapy; Lymphocyte depletion; Transpl. conditioning; etc).
Enero /
January 2001 --- Marzo / March 2004
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Only articles written in Spanish and/or English are included.
[1]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunopathogenesis and
immunotherapy in AIDS virus infections.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Med 2003 Jul;9(7):861-6.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nm0703-861
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Letvin NL; Walker BD
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth
Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The heterogeneity of HIV and the different
human leukocyte antigen (HLA) backgrounds of infected individuals have posed
challenges to understanding the pathogenesis of HIV infection. But continuing
advances in our knowledge of the role of immune responses in controlling HIV
viremia should help to define goals for immune-based therapies and vaccine
strategies against AIDS. N.
Ref:: 106
----------------------------------------------------
[2]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Integration of growth
factor and nutrient signaling: implications for cancer biology.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mol Cell 2003 Aug;12(2):271-80.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Shamji AF; Nghiem P; Schreiber SL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Harvard Biophysics Program, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Signaling networks that promote cell
growth are frequently dysregulated in cancer. One regulatory network, which
converges on effectors such as 4EBP1 and S6K1, leads to growth by promoting
protein synthesis. Here, we discuss how this network is regulated by both
extracellular signals, such as growth factors, and intracellular signals, such
as nutrients. We discuss how mutations amplifying either type of signal can
lead to tumor formation. In particular, we focus on the recent discovery that a
tumor suppressor complex whose function is lost in tuberous sclerosis patients
regulates the nutrient signal carried by the critical signaling protein TOR to the
effectors 4EBP1 and S6K1. Finally, we describe how the small molecule
rapamycin, which inhibits TOR and thereby the activation of these effectors,
could be useful to treat tumors that have become dependent upon this pathway
for growth. N. Ref:: 80
----------------------------------------------------
[3]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Defying death—HIV
mutation to evade cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - N Engl J Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://content.nejm.org/
●●
Cita: New England J Medicine (NEJM): <> 2002 Oct 10;347(15):1203-4.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1056/NEJMcibr022067
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lieberman J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Center for Blood Research, Boston, MA
02115, USA. N. Ref:: 5
----------------------------------------------------
[4]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetic and functional
relationships between MHC and NK receptor genes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Sep;15(3):363-74.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Trowsdale J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Immunology Division, Pathology Department,
University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - HLA class I and NK receptors are encoded
within dense clusters of immune loci. The MHC, at 6p21.3, and the complex
containing the KIR loci, at 19q13.4, both feature variation in the number of
genes, as well as sequence polymorphism. In addition to T cell receptors,
several variable class I-related molecules interact with polymorphic NK
receptors. Some of the lectin-related NK receptor genes, at 12p13.1, also have
ligands belonging to the extended class I family. The expanding clusters of
class I-related sequences and their receptors, some of which evolved recently,
reveal further complexity in immune recognition of disease. N. Ref:: 85
----------------------------------------------------
[5]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells:
emerging pharmacological targets of immunosuppressive drugs.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2004 Jan;4(1):24-34.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1256
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Hackstein H; Thomson AW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute for Clinical Immunology and
Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Langhansstr. 7, D-35392
Giessen, Germany. holger.hackstein@immunologie.med.uni-giessen.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Immunosuppressive drugs have
revolutionized organ transplantation and improved the therapeutic management of
autoimmune diseases. The development of immunosuppressive drugs and
understanding of their action traditionally has been focused on lymphocytes,
but recent evidence indicates that these agents interfere with immune responses
at the earliest stage, targeting key functions of dendritic cells (DCs). Here,
we review our present understanding of how classical and new immunosuppressive
agents interfere with DC development and function. This knowledge might provide
a rational basis for the selection of immunosuppressive drugs in different
clinical settings and for the generation of tolerogenic DCs in the
laboratory. N. Ref:: 116
----------------------------------------------------
[6]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Routes to transplant
tolerance versus rejection; the role of cytokines.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2004 Feb;20(2):121-31.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Walsh PT; Strom TB; Turka LA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of Pennsylvania, 700 Clinical
Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The alloimmune response can be divided
into specific junctures where critical decisions between tolerance and immunity
are made which define the outcome of the transplant. At these “decision nodes”
various cytokines direct alloresponsive T cells to develop either a
proinflammatory response aimed at graft destruction or an immunoregulatory
response facilitating graft acceptance. This review will focus on the role of
these cytokines in influencing the progression of an alloimmune response
leading ultimately to either allograft survival or rejection. N. Ref:: 97
----------------------------------------------------
[7]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Microchimerism: an
investigative frontier in autoimmunity and transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - JAMA. Acceso gratuito al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://jama.ama-assn.org/search.dtl
●●
Cita: JAMA: <> 2004 Mar 3;291(9):1127-31.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1001/jama.291.9.1127
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Adams KM; Nelson JL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Program in Human Immunogenetics, Clinical
Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
98109-1024, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Recent studies indicate cells transfer
between fetus and mother during pregnancy and can persist in both decades
later. The presence within one individual of a small population of cells from
another genetically distinct individual is referred to as microchimerism.
Naturally acquired microchimerism has recently been investigated in autoimmune
diseases, including scleroderma, thyroiditis, primary biliary cirrhosis,
Sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus, dermatomyositis, and neonatal lupus.
Iatrogenic chimerism has been investigated in transplantation and following
blood transfusion. Considering findings of naturally acquired microchimerism along
with iatrogenic microchimerism suggests microchimerism can have detrimental
and/or beneficial effects in both settings. Recent identification of
tissue-specific microchimerism either from naturally acquired or iatrogenic
microchimerism (eg, cardiac myocytes) raises the possibility that
microchimerism can be a target of autoimmunity or alternatively contribute to
tissue repair. Advances in this new frontier of research with varied and
numerous implications for human health are summarized. N. Ref:: 26
----------------------------------------------------
[8]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The allogeneic response
and tumor immunity.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Med 2001 Jun;7(6):649-52.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/89008
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Fabre JW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute
of Liver Studies Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ School of Medicine, London, UK. john.fabre@kcl.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The strong allogeneic response to donor
MHC molecules in transplantation and the weak response to tumor antigens
represent two important and divergent but potentially interactive immune
responses. A patient’s response to allogeneic MHC molecules might promote an
effective T-cell response to self MHC-restricted tumor peptides and the
possibilities for this are discussed here. These allogeneic responses might
successfully be harnessed to promote the immune eradication of metastatic
cancer. N. Ref:: 45
----------------------------------------------------
[9]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Haematopoietic cell
transplantation as immunotherapy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nature 2001 May 17;411(6835):385-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35077251
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Appelbaum FR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Clinical Research Division, Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D5-310, PO Box
19024, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The graft-versus-tumour effect seen after
allogeneic (genetically different) haematopoietic cell transplantation for
human malignancies represents the clearest example of the power of the human
immune system to eradicate cancer. Recent advances in our understanding of the
immunobiology of stem-cell engraftment, tolerance and tumour eradication are
allowing clinicians to better harness this powerful effect. N. Ref:: 60
----------------------------------------------------
[10]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Lack of association of
the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope with rheumatoid nodules: an individual patient data
meta-analysis of 3,272 Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2004 Mar;50(3):753-62.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/art.20119
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gorman JD; David-Vaudey E; Pai M; Lum RF;
Criswell LA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of California, San Francisco,
and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this
individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to examine the relationship of
rheumatoid nodules to the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and to individual SE
genotypes. METHODS: English-language studies that enrolled adult non-Hispanic
Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified by searches
of Medline and Embase, and by manual searches of medical journals. All authors
were contacted for IPD. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the association
of SE presence, dose, and genotype with rheumatoid nodules. Meta-analyses
adjusted for disease duration and cumulative meta-analyses were also performed
to assess the influence of RA duration and year of study publication on the
results. RESULTS: A total of 24 studies and 3,272 patients were available for
analysis. IPD were obtained for 22 of the studies. There was a nonsignificant
association between the presence of the SE (i.e., 1 or 2 alleles versus 0
alleles) and rheumatoid nodules (summary odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence
interval [95% CI] 0.97-1.6). Analysis by SE genotype, however, demonstrated a
weak relationship with inheritance of a single DRB1*0401 SE allele (OR 1.4, 95%
CI 1.1-1.8). No other genotypes achieved statistical significance in the
adjusted or unadjusted analyses. CONCLUSION: The presence of the HLA-DRB1 SE
does not appear to significantly increase the risk of rheumatoid nodules among
Caucasian patients with RA. Analysis by DRB1 SE genotype was uninformative,
suggesting only a potential (and at most modest) role of the DRB1*0401 SE
allele. Results from this IPD meta-analysis implicate other genetic,
stochastic, and/or environmental factors in the susceptibility to rheumatoid
nodules.
----------------------------------------------------
[11]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells in
immunity and tolerance-do they display opposite functions?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2003 Jul;19(1):5-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Moser M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale,
Institut de Biologie et Medecine Moleculaires, Universite Libre de Bruxelles,
6041, Gosselies, Belgium. mmoser@ulb.ac.be
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - It was recently proposed that cells of the
dendritic family not only control immunity but also maintain tolerance to
self-antigens, two complementary functions that would ensure the integrity of
the organism in an environment full of pathogens. As they express a variety of
receptors that specifically recognize microbial products, DCs are able to
discriminate between self and nonself and may therefore enable the immune
system to mount potent effector activity to pathogens while silencing
self-reactive lymphocytes. N.
Ref:: 22
----------------------------------------------------
[12]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interferon-gamma
reduces interleukin-4- and interleukin-13-augmented transforming growth
factor-beta2 production in human bronchial epithelial cells by targeting Smads.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Chest. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.chestjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Chest: <> 2003 Mar;123(3 Suppl):372S-3S.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Wen FQ; Liu XD; Terasaki Y; Fang QH;
Kobayashi T; Abe S; Rennard SI
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Section, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5125, USA. N. Ref:: 0
----------------------------------------------------
[13]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - When the lymphocyte
loses its clothes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2003 Apr;18(4):453-7.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nekrep N; Fontes JD; Geyer M; Peterlin BM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty
of the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The type II bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS)
or major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) deficiency is a severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that is characterized by the absence of
constitutive and inducible expression of MHCII determinants on immune cells.
Four complementation groups of BLS have been defined, and they result from
mutations in DNA-bound activators and the coactivator for MHCII transcription.
Recently, all complementation groups of BLS patients have been accounted for.
Studies of the syndrome and specific mutations reveal important lessons for the
genetics of the immune response. N.
Ref:: 35
----------------------------------------------------
[14]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Ex vivo selection of
recipient-type alloantigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells for
the control of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell
transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S32-4.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106470.07410.CA
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Trenado A; Fisson S; Braunberger E;
Klatzmann D; Salomon BL; Cohen JL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Biologie et Therapeutique des Pathologies
Immunitaires, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell
transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for many malignant and
nonmalignant hematologic disorders. Donor T cells present in the hematopoietic
stem-cell transplant improve engraftment and immune reconstitution and
contribute to the graft-versus-leukemia effect, but are also responsible for
the life-threatening graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CD4(+)CD25(+)
immunoregulatory T cells, which play a pivotal role in preventing
organ-specific diseases, can also modulate GVHD if administered in equal
numbers of T cells at the time of grafting. In this article, the authors
describe a procedure of ex vivo selection and expansion of regulatory T cells
specific for recipient-type alloantigens. These expanded regulatory T cells
controlled GVHD. Their therapeutic use in HSCT should allow specific
suppression of the activation of donor alloreactive T cells involved in GVHD
while preserving the beneficial effects of other T cells. N. Ref:: 27
----------------------------------------------------
[15]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - T cell receptor-MHC
interactions up close.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cell 2001 Jan 12;104(1):1-4.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Hennecke J; Wiley DC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Harvard University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA
02138, USA. hennecke@crystal.harvard.edu N. Ref:: 18
----------------------------------------------------
[16]
- Castellano -
TÍTULO / TITLE:La ruta de senalizacion
CA++/calcineurina/NFAT en activacion endotelial y angiogenesis: efectos de la
ciclosporina A. CA++/ calcineurin/NFAT signaling in endothelial activation and
angiogenesis: effects od cyclosporin A .
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nefrologia. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.aulamedica.es/nefrologia/
●●
Cita: Nefrologia: <> 2003;23 Suppl 3:44-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Quesada AJ; Redondo JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
y Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Sinesio Delgado,
4 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid. jmredondo@cbm.uam.es N. Ref:: 31
----------------------------------------------------
[17]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulating the immune
response to transplants. a role for CD4+ regulatory cells?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):399-406.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Waldmann H; Cobbold S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Sir William Dunn School of Pathology,
University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. herman.waldmann@path.ox.ac.uk N. Ref:: 50
----------------------------------------------------
[18]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A purgative mastery.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nature 2001 Aug 16;412(6848):685-6.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35089152
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nossal GJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, University of
Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. N.
Ref:: 3
----------------------------------------------------
[19]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells in
transplantation—friend or foe?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):357-68.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lechler R; Ng WF; Steinman RM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunology, Division of
Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College School of Medicine, Du Cane
Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom. r.lechler@ic.ac.uk N. Ref:: 80
----------------------------------------------------
[20]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Hepatic T cells and
liver tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Jan;3(1):51-62.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri981
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Crispe IN
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The David H Smith Center for Vaccine
Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The
University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. Nick_Crispe@urmc.rochester.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The T-cell biology of the liver is unlike
that of any other organ. The local lymphocyte population is enriched in natural
killer (NK) and NKT cells, which might have crucial roles in the recruitment of
circulating T cells. A large macrophage population and the efficient
trafficking of dendritic cells from sinusoidal blood to lymph promote antigen
trapping and T-cell priming, but the local presentation of antigen causes
T-cell inactivation, tolerance and apoptosis. These local mechanisms might
result from the need to maintain immunological silence to harmless antigenic
material in food. The overall bias of intrahepatic T-cell responses towards
tolerance might account for the survival of liver allografts and for the
persistence of some liver pathogens. N.
Ref:: 169
----------------------------------------------------
[21]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Identification of TOR
signaling complexes: more TORC for the cell growth engine.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cell 2002 Oct 4;111(1):9-12.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Abraham RT
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Program in Signal Transduction Research,
Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road,
La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. abraham@burnham.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) proteins
function in signaling pathways that promote protein synthesis and cell growth.
In yeast, TOR signaling is regulated by nutrient availability, whereas in
metazoan cells TOR activities may be controlled by both nutrients and growth
factors. The recent identification of novel TOR-interacting proteins has
provided crucial insights into TOR regulation and function. N. Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[22]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Nystatin prophylaxis
and treatment in severely immunodepressed patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2002;(4):CD002033.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gotzsche PC; Johansen HK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Nordic Cochrane Centre,
Rigshospitalet, Dept. 7112, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen O, Denmark, 2100. p.c.gotzsche@cochrane.dk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Nystatin is sometimes used
prophylactically in patients with severe immunodeficiency or in the treatment
of fungal infection in such patients, although the effect seems to be
equivocal. OBJECTIVES: To study whether nystatin decreases morbidity and
mortality when given prophylactically or therapeutically to patients with
severe immunodeficiency. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library
using a comprehensive search strategy, date of last search November 2001.
Contacted industry and scanned reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised
trials comparing nystatin with placebo, an untreated control group, fluconazole
or amphotericin B. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data on mortality, invasive
fungal infection and colonisation were extracted by both authors independently.
A random effects model was used unless p>0.10 for the test of heterogeneity.
MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials (1,464 patients). The drugs were given
prophylactically in ten trials and as treatment in two. Seven trials were in
acute leukaemia, two in cancer, one in liver transplant patients, one in
critically ill surgical and trauma patients, and one in AIDS patients. Nystatin
had been compared with placebo in three trials and with fluconazole in nine;
the dose varied from 1.5 MIE to 72 MIE daily. The effect of nystatin was
similar to that of placebo on fungal colonisation (relative risk 0.85, 95%
confidence interval 0.65 to 1.13). There was no statistically significant
difference between fluconazole and nystatin on mortality (relative risk 0.76,
0.49 to 1.18) whereas fluconazole was more effective in preventing invasive
fungal infection (relative risk 0.37, 0.15 to 0.91) and colonisation (relative
risk 0.49, 0.34 to 0.70). The results were very similar if the three studies
which were not performed in cancer patients were excluded. REVIEWER’S
CONCLUSIONS: Nystatin cannot be recommended for prophylaxis or treatment of
Candida infections in immunodepressed patients. N. Ref:: 22
----------------------------------------------------
[23]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immune tolerance after
long-term enzyme-replacement therapy among patients who have
mucopolysaccharidosis I.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2003 May 10;361(9369):1608-13.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kakavanos R; Turner CT; Hopwood JJ; Kakkis
ED; Brooks DA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit,
Department of Chemical Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Enzyme-replacement therapy has
been assessed as a treatment for patients who have mucopolysaccharidosis I
(alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency). We aimed to investigate the humoral immune
response to recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase among these patients.
METHODS: We characterised the antibody titres and specific linear sequence
epitope reactivity of serum antibodies to alpha-L-iduronidase for ten patients
with mucopolysaccharidosis I, at the start of treatment and after 6, 12, 26,
52, and 104 weeks. We compared the values for patients’ samples with those for
samples from normal human controls. FINDINGS: Before enzyme-replacement
therapy, all patients had low serum antibody titres to recombinant human
alpha-L-iduronidase that were within the control range. Five of the ten
patients produced higher-than-normal titres of antibody to the replacement
protein during the treatment course (serum antibody titres 130000-500000 and
high-affinity epitope reactivity). However, by week 26, antibody reactivity was
reduced, and by week 104 all patients had low antibody titres and only
low-affinity epitope reactivity. Patients who had mucopolysaccharidosis I with
antibody titres within the normal range at 6-12 weeks did not subsequently
develop immune responses. INTERPRETATION: After 2 years of treatment, patients
who initially had an immune reaction developed immune tolerance to
alpha-L-iduronidase. This finding has positive implications for long-term
enzyme-replacement therapy in patients who have mucopolysaccharidosis I. N. Ref:: 32
----------------------------------------------------
[24]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interleukin-2 receptor
monoclonal antibodies in renal transplantation: meta-analysis of randomised
trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito
al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://bmj.com/search.dtl
●●
Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> 2003 Apr 12;326(7393):789.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bmj.326.7393.789
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Adu D; Cockwell P; Ives NJ; Shaw J;
Wheatley K
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth
Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH. dwomoa.adu@uhb.nhs.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of
interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies on acute rejection episodes, graft
loss, deaths, and rate of infection and malignancy in patients with renal
transplants. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of published data. DATA SOURCES: Medline,
Embase, and Cochrane library for years 1996-2003 plus search of medical
editors’ trial amnesty and contact with manufacturers of the antibodies.
SELECTION OF STUDIES: Randomised controlled trials comparing interleukin-2
receptor antibodies with placebo or no additional treatment in patients with
renal transplants receiving ciclosporin based immunosuppression. RESULTS: Eight
randomised controlled trials involving 1871 patients met the selection criteria
(although only 1858 patients were analysed). Interleukin-2 receptor antibodies
significantly reduced the risk of acute rejection (odds ratio 0.51, 95%
confidence interval 0.42 to 0.63). There were no significant differences in the
rate of graft loss (0.78, 0.58 to 1.04), mortality (0.75, 0.46 to 1.23),
overall incidence of infections (0.97, 0.77 to 1.24), incidence of
cytomegalovirus infections (0.81, 0.62 to 1.04), or risk of malignancies at one
year (0.82, 0.39 to 1.70). The different antibodies had a similar sized effect on
acute rejection (test for heterogeneity P=0.7): anti-Tac (0.37, 0.16 to 0.89),
BT563 (0.37, 0.1 to 1.38), basiliximab (0.56, 0.44 to 0.72), and daclizumab
(0.46, 0.32 to 0.67). The reduction in acute rejections was similar for all
ciclosporin based immunosuppression regimens (test for heterogeneity P=1.0).
CONCLUSIONS: Adding interleukin-2 receptor antibodies to ciclosporin based
immunosuppression reduces episodes of acute rejection at six months by 49%.
There is no evidence of an increased risk of infective complications. Longer
follow up studies are needed to confirm whether interleukin-2 receptor
antibodies improve long term graft and patient survival.
----------------------------------------------------
[25]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Stress management: MHC class
I and class I-like molecules as reporters of cellular stress.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2003 Oct;19(4):469-77.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gleimer M; Parham P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Program in Immunology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The evolutionarily ancient intracellular
stress response protects cells from the effects of external and internal forces
which perturb cellular metabolism. Members of the major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) class I-like superfamily act as cell surface indicators of the
intracellular stress response. Cellular immunity employs these indicators as a
cue for elimination of damaged, infected, and malignant cells, promoting the
health of the individual and the evolutionary success of the species. N. Ref:: 77
----------------------------------------------------
[26]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulatory T cells in
transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Mar;3(3):199-210.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1027
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Wood KJ; Sakaguchi S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Nuffield Department of Surgery, University
of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. kathryn.wood@nds.ox.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The identification and characterization of
regulatory T (T(Reg)) cells that can control immune responsiveness to
alloantigens have opened up exciting opportunities for new therapies in
transplantation. After exposure to alloantigens in vivo, alloantigen-specific
immunoregulatory activity is enriched in a population of CD4+ T cells that
express high levels of CD25. In vivo, common mechanisms seem to underpin the
activity of CD4+CD25+ T(Reg) cells in both naive and manipulated hosts.
However, the origin, allorecognition properties and molecular basis for the
suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ T(Reg) cells, as well as their relationship
to other populations of regulatory cells that exist after transplantation,
remain a matter of debate. N.
Ref:: 138
----------------------------------------------------
[27]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interleukin 2 receptor
antagonists for renal transplant recipients: a meta-analysis of randomized
trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 27;77(2):166-76.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000109643.32659.C4
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Webster AC; Playford EG; Higgins G;
Chapman JR; Craig JC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Cochrane Renal Group, Centre for Kidney
Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Interleukin 2 receptor
antagonists (IL-2Ra) are increasingly used to treat renal transplant
recipients. This study aims to systematically identify and summarize the
effects of using IL-2Ra as induction immunosuppression, as an addition to
standard therapy, or as an alternative to other antibody therapy. METHODS:
Databases, reference lists, and abstracts of conference proceedings were
searched extensively to identify relevant randomized controlled trials in all
languages. Data were synthesized using the random effects model. Results are
expressed as relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A
total of 117 reports from 38 trials involving 4,893 participants were included.
When IL-2Ra were compared with placebo (17 trials; 2,786 patients), graft loss
was not significantly different at 1 year (14 trials: RR 0.84; CI 0.64-1.10) or
3 years (4 trials: RR 1.08; CI 0.71-1.64). Acute rejection was significantly
reduced at 6 months (12 trials: RR 0.66; CI 0.59-0.74) and at 1 year (10
trials: RR 0.67; CI 0.60-0.75). At 1 year, cytomegalovirus infection (7 trials:
RR 0.82; CI 0.65-1.03) and malignancy (9 trials: RR 0.67; CI 0.33-1.36) were
not significantly different. When IL-2Ra were compared with other antibody
therapy, no significant differences in treatment effects were demonstrated, but
IL-2Ra had significantly fewer side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Given a 40% risk of
rejection, seven patients would need treatment with IL-2Ra in addition to
standard therapy, to prevent one patient from undergoing rejection, with no
definite improvement in graft or patient survival. There is no apparent
difference between basiliximab and daclizumab.
----------------------------------------------------
[28]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Tolerance and
autoimmunity.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - N Engl J Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://content.nejm.org/
●●
Cita: New England J Medicine (NEJM): <> 2001 Mar 1;344(9):655-64.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kamradt T; Mitchison NA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin
and Universitatsklinikum Charite, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt
Rheumatologie and Klinische Immunologie, Germany. kamradt@drfz.de N. Ref:: 151
----------------------------------------------------
[29]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Organ-specific
autoimmune disease: a deficiency of tolerogenic stimulation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Exp Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jem.org/
●●
Cita: J. Exp Med: <> 2001 Sep 3;194(5):F31-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lesage S; Goodnow CC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Australian Cancer Research Foundation
Genetics Lab, Medical Genome Centre, John Curtin School of Medical Research,
Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. N.
Ref:: 35
----------------------------------------------------
[30]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Novel therapeutic
molecular targets for prostate cancer: the mTOR signaling pathway and epidermal
growth factor receptor.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Urol 2004 Feb;171(2 Pt 2):S41-3;
discussion S44.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.ju.0000108100.53239.b7
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Tolcher AW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Director Clinical Research, Institute for
Drug Development Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - PURPOSE: The scientific rationale and
existing evidence for the use of novel molecular targets in the chemoprevention
of cancer are reviewed, with special attention to prostate cancer. MATERIALS
AND METHODS: A search for relevant literature on basic science and clinical
trials was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE. RESULTS: The emergence of
molecularly targeted therapies for advanced malignancies creates an important
opportunity to examine these agents for the chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
Two critical targets in the proliferation and malignant transformation of
normal cells, the PI3/Akt signal transduction pathway and the epidermal growth
factor receptor, are currently the focus of several novel investigational
therapies that are in late stage phase II and phase III studies. CONCLUSIONS:
Research to date supports consideration of these novel molecular targets as
future agents in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer. N. Ref:: 28
----------------------------------------------------
[31]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Tolerogenic dendritic
cells induced by vitamin D receptor ligands enhance regulatory T cells
inhibiting allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Cell Biochem 2003 Feb 1;88(2):227-33.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcb.10340
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Adorini L; Penna G; Giarratana N;
Uskokovic M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - BioXell, SpA, 20132 Milano, Italy. luciano.adorini@bioxell.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells (DCs) not only induce but
also modulate T cell activation. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)]
induces DCs with a tolerogenic phenotype, characterized by decreased expression
of CD40, CD80, and CD86 costimulatory molecules, low IL-12 and enhanced IL-10
secretion. We have found that a short treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) induces
tolerance to fully mismatched mouse islet allografts that is stable to
challenge with donor-type spleen cells and allows acceptance of donor-type
vascularized heart grafts. This effect is enhanced by co-administration of
mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a selective inhibitor of T and B cell
proliferation that has also effects similar to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on DCs. Graft
acceptance is associated with an increased percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)
regulatory cells in the spleen and in the draining lymph node that can protect
100% of syngeneic recipients from islet allograft rejection. CD4(+)CD25(+)
cells, able to inhibit the T cell response to a pancreatic autoantigen and to
significantly delay disease transfer by pathogenic CD4(+)CD25(-) cells, are
also induced by treatment of adult nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with
1,25-dihydroxy-16,23Z-diene-26,27-hexafluoro-19-nor vitamin D(3) (BXL-698).
This treatment arrests progression of insulitis and Th1 cell infiltration, and
inhibits diabetes development at non-hypercalcemic doses. The enhancement of
CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, able to mediate transplantation tolerance and
to arrest type 1 diabetes development by a short oral treatment with VDR
ligands, suggests possible clinical applications of this approach. N. Ref:: 41
----------------------------------------------------
[32]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immune activation:
death, danger and dendritic cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Biol 2004 Jan 6;14(1):R30-2.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Pulendran B
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Emory Vaccine Center, 954 Gatewood Road,
Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. bpulend@rmy.emory.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells are critical for host
immunity, and sense microbes with pathogen recognition receptors. New evidence
indicates that these cells also sense uric acid crystals in dead cells,
suggesting that the immune system is conscious not only of pathogens, but also
of death and danger. N.
Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[33]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - T cell death and
transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):407-16.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Li XC; Strom TB; Turka LA; Wells AD
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. N. Ref:: 50
----------------------------------------------------
[34]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Natural versus adaptive
regulatory T cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Mar;3(3):253-7.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1032
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bluestone JA; Abbas AK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Diabetes Research Center, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. jbluest@diabetes.ucsf.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The regulation of immune responses to
self-antigens is a complex process that involves maintaining self-tolerance
while retaining the capacity to mount robust immune responses against invading
microorganisms. Over the past few years, many new insights into this process
have been gained, leading to the re-emergence of the idea that regulatory T
(T(Reg)) cells are a central mechanism of immune regulation. These insights
have raised fundamental questions concerning what constitutes a T(Reg) cell,
where they develop and what signals maintain T(Reg)-cell populations in a
functional state. Here, we propose the existence of two subsets of CD4+ T(Reg)
cells—natural and adaptive—that differ in terms of their development,
specificity, mechanism of action and dependence on T-cell receptor and
co-stimulatory signalling. N.
Ref:: 37
----------------------------------------------------
[35]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pathways for
self-tolerance and the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2001 Jun 30;357(9274):2115-21.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Goodnow CC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Australian Cancer Research Foundation,
Genetics Laboratory, Medical Genome Centre, John Curtin School of Medical
Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Antigen delivers both immunogenic and
tolerogenic signals to lymphocytes. The outcome of antigen exposure represents
a complex integration of the timing of antigen binding with signals from many
other immunogenic and tolerogenic costimulatory pathways. A road map of these
signalling pathways is only beginning to be charted, revealing the mechansim of
action and limitations of current immunotherapeutic agents and the points of
attack for new agents. Ciclosporin and tacrolimus interfere with tolerogenic
signals from antigen in addition to blocking immunogenic signals, thus
preventing active establishment of tolerance. Corticosteroids inhibit a key
immunogenic pathway, NFkappaB, and more specific inhibitors of this pathway may
allow tolerance to be actively established while immune responses are blocked.
New experimental therapies aim to mimic tolerogenic antigen signals by
chronically stimulating antigen receptors with antigen or antibodies to the
receptor, or aim to block costimulatory pathways involving CD40 ligand, B7, or
interleukin 2. Obtaining the desired response with these strategies is
unpredictable because many of these signals have both tolerogenic and
immunogenic roles. The cause of autoimune diseases has been determined for
several rare monogenic disorders, revealing inherited deficiencies in
tolerogenic costimulatory pathways such as FAS. Common autoimmune disorders may
have a biochemically related pathogenesis.
N. Ref:: 52
----------------------------------------------------
[36]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Depletion of host
reactive T cells by photodynamic cell purging and prevention of graft versus
host disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Leuk Lymphoma 2003 Nov;44(11):1871-9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Goggins TF; Chao N
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Hematology-Oncology, Duke University
Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Ste. 1100, Durham, NC 27710, USA. goggi002@mc.duke.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) is the
principal cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic
stem cell transplant. T cell depletion has been recognized as a method of
reducing the incidence of GVHD in allogeneic transplants. Until recently, most
T cell depletion methods were non-selective in reducing lymphocytes. Rhodamine
purging is one method, which selectively reduces alloreactive T cells
preventing GVHD. We review here the methods of non-selective and selective T
cell depletion, particularly the newer method of photodynamic purging utilizing
rhodamine. N. Ref:: 129
----------------------------------------------------
[37]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Chemokines, chemokine
receptors, and allograft rejection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):377-86.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nelson PJ; Krensky AM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Medizinishe Poliklinik, Klinikum
Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schillerstrasse 42, 80336, Munich,
Germany. nelson@medpoli.med.uni-muenchen.de N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[38]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Coeliac disease:
dissecting a complex inflammatory disorder.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2002 Sep;2(9):647-55.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri885
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Sollid LM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet,
University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway. l.m.sollid@labmed.uio.no
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The disease mechanisms of complex
inflammatory disorders are difficult to define because of extensive
interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Coeliac disease is a
typical complex inflammatory disorder, but this disease is unusual in that
crucial genetic and environmental factors have been identified. This knowledge
has allowed functional studies of the predisposing HLA molecules, the
identification of antigenic epitopes and detailed studies of disease-relevant T
cells in coeliac disease. This dissection of the pathogenic mechanisms of
coeliac disease has uncovered principles that are relevant to other chronic
inflammatory diseases. N.
Ref:: 101
----------------------------------------------------
[39]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Alpha E: no more
rejection?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Exp Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jem.org/
●●
Cita: J. Exp Med: <> 2002 Oct 7;196(7):873-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kilshaw PJ; Higgins JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB2
4AT, United Kingdom. peter.kilshaw@bbsrc.ac.uk N. Ref:: 25
----------------------------------------------------
[40]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - HLA DNA typing and transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):347-56.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Erlich HA; Opelz G; Hansen J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA
94501, USA. henry.erlich@roche.com N. Ref:: 26
----------------------------------------------------
[41]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Innate immune responses
to transplants: a significant variable with cadaver donors.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):369-76.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Baldwin WM 3rd; Larsen CP;
Fairchild RL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins
Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. wbaldwin@jhmi.edu N. Ref:: 70
----------------------------------------------------
[42]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Mixed chimerism and
transplant tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):417-24.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Sykes M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Bone Marrow Transplantation Section, Transplantation
Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02129, USA. N.
Ref:: 80
----------------------------------------------------
[43]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Chronic rejection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):387-97.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Libby P; Pober JS
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. plibby@rics.bwh.harvard.edu N. Ref:: 60
----------------------------------------------------
[44]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Rapamycin plays a new
role as differentiator of vascular smooth muscle phenotype. focus on “The
mTOR/p70 S6K1 pathway regulates vascular smooth muscle differentiation”.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ajpcell.physiology.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
●●
Cita: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol: <> 2004 Mar;286(3):C480-1.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1152/ajpcell.00526.2003
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lucchesi PA N. Ref:: 12
----------------------------------------------------
[45]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - CD3-specific
antibody-induced active tolerance: from bench to bedside.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Feb;3(2):123-32.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1000
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Chatenoud L
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Centre de l’Association Claude Bernard sur
les Maladies Autoimmunes and Hopital Necker Enfants Malades IRNEM, 161 Rue de
Sevres, 75015 Paris, France. chatenoud@necker.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Although they were used initially as
non-specific immunosuppressants in transplantation, CD3-specific monoclonal
antibodies have elicited renewed interest owing to their capacity to induce
immune tolerance. In mouse models of autoimmune diabetes, CD3-specific
antibodies induce stable disease remission by restoring tolerance to pancreatic
beta-cells. This phenomenon was extended recently to the clinic—preservation of
beta-cell function in recently diagnosed patients with diabetes was achieved by
short-term administration of a CD3-specific antibody. CD3-specific antibodies
arrest ongoing disease by rapidly clearing pathogenic T cells from the target.
Subsequently, they promote long-term T-cell-mediated active tolerance. Recent
data indicate that transforming growth factor-beta-dependent CD4+CD25+
regulatory T cells might have a central role in this effect. N. Ref:: 117
----------------------------------------------------
[46]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Antigen presentation to
naive CD4 T cells in the lymph node.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Immunol 2003 Aug;4(8):733-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/ni957
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Itano AA; Jenkins MK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology and the Center
for Immunology, University of Minnesota, MMC 334, 420 Delaware St. SE,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Although the presentation of peptide-major
histocompatibility complex class II (pMHC class II) complexes to CD4 T cells
has been studied extensively in vitro, knowledge of this process in vivo is
limited. Unlike the in vitro situation, antigen presentation in vivo takes
place within a complex microenvironment in which the movements of antigens,
antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells are governed by anatomic
constraints. Here we review developments in the areas of lymph node
architecture, APC subsets and T cell activation that have shed light on how
antigen presentation occurs in the lymph nodes. N. Ref:: 88
----------------------------------------------------
[47]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The TCR triggering
puzzle.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Jun;14(6):665-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van der Merwe PA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Sir William Dunn School of Pathology,
University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. anton.vandermerwe@path.ox.ac.uk N. Ref:: 28
----------------------------------------------------
[48]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Avoiding horror
autotoxicus: the importance of dendritic cells in peripheral T cell tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.pnas.org/
●●
Cita: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS): <> 2002 Jan 8;99(1):351-8. Epub 2002
Jan 2.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1073/pnas.231606698
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Steinman RM; Nussenzweig MC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratories of Cellular Physiology and
Immunology, and Molecular Immunology and Howard Hughes Institute, The
Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA. steinma@mail.rockefeller.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The immune system generally avoids horror
autotoxicus or autoimmunity, an attack against the body’s own constituents.
This avoidance requires that self-reactive T cells be actively silenced or
tolerized. We propose that dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in
establishing tolerance, especially in the periphery, after functioning T cells
have been produced in the thymus. In the steady state, meaning in the absence
of acute infection and inflammation, DCs are in an immature state and not fully
differentiated to carry out their known roles as inducers of immunity.
Nevertheless, immature DCs continuously circulate through tissues and into
lymphoid organs, capturing self antigens as well as innocuous environmental
proteins. Recent experiments have provided direct evidence that antigen-loaded
immature DCs silence T cells either by deleting them or by expanding regulatory
T cells. This capacity of DCs to induce peripheral tolerance can work in two
opposing ways in the context of infection. In acute infection, a beneficial
effect should occur. The immune system would overcome the risk of developing
autoimmunity and chronic inflammation if, before infection, tolerance were
induced to innocuous environmental proteins as well as self antigens captured
from dying infected cells. For chronic or persistent pathogens, a second but
dire potential could take place. Continuous presentation of a pathogen by
immature DCs, HIV-1 for example, may lead to tolerance and active evasion of
protective immunity. The function of DCs in defining immunologic self provides
a new focus for the study of autoimmunity and chronic immune-based diseases. N. Ref:: 186
----------------------------------------------------
[49]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The immunological
barrier to xenotransplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):437-46.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cascalho M; Platt JL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN 55905, USA. N.
Ref:: 55
----------------------------------------------------
[50]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Gene therapy progress
and prospects: gene therapy in organ transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gene Ther 2003 Apr;10(8):605-11.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/sj.gt.3302020
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bagley J; Iacomini J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Transplantation Biology Research Center,
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129,
USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - One major complication facing organ
transplant recipients is the requirement for life-long systemic
immunosuppression to prevent rejection, which is associated with an increased
incidence of malignancy and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Gene
therapy has the potential to eliminate problems associated with
immunosuppression by allowing the production of immunomodulatory proteins in
the donor grafts resulting in local rather than systemic immunosuppression.
Alternatively, gene therapy approaches could eliminate the requirement for
general immunosuppression by allowing the induction of donor-specific
tolerance. Gene therapy interventions may also be able to prevent graft damage
owing to nonimmune-mediated graft loss or injury and prevent chronic rejection.
This review will focus on recent progress in preventing transplant rejection by
gene therapy. N.
Ref:: 47
----------------------------------------------------
[51]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Suppression of
graft-versus-host disease by naturally occurring regulatory T cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S9-S11.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106475.38978.11
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Zeng D; Lan F; Hoffmann P; Strober S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Rheumatology and Immunology,
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
94305, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Studies of graft-versus-host disease after
allogeneic bone marrow transplantation have shown that there are subsets of
freshly isolated donor T cells that induce the disease and subsets that
suppress the disease. The balance of subsets in the graft determines disease
severity. The authors’ work on the nature of the regulatory-suppressor T cells
and their mechanisms of action is summarized in this article. N. Ref:: 24
----------------------------------------------------
[52]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The enemy within:
keeping self-reactive T cells at bay in the periphery.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2002 Jan;2(1):11-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri701
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Walker LS; Abbas AK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, University of
California San Francisco, 94143, USA. walkerl@itsa.ucsf.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The remarkable capacity of the mammalian
immune system to coordinate deadly attacks against numerous invading pathogens,
yet turn a blind eye to self-tissues continues to fascinate immunologists. It
has been clear for some time that immune cells capable of recognizing
self-proteins exist in normal individuals without seemingly causing harm. The
‘peripheral tolerance’ mechanisms that keep these cells in check are the focus
of intense research, not least because defects in these pathways might cause
autoimmune diseases. In this review, new developments in our understanding of
peripheral tolerance are discussed. N.
Ref:: 103
----------------------------------------------------
[53]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Making sense of mass
destruction: quantitating MHC class I antigen presentation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Dec;3(12):952-61.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1250
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Yewdell JW; Reits E; Neefjes J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0440, USA. N.
Ref:: 92
----------------------------------------------------
[54]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Mhc-guided processing:
binding of large antigen fragments.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Aug;3(8):621-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1149
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Sercarz EE; Maverakis E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular
Studies, San Diego, California 92121, USA. esercarz@tpims.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Ever since the emergence of models for the
processing and presentation of antigenic determinants by MHC class II
molecules, the main view has been that proteins are unfolded, enzymatically
cleaved into peptide lengths of about 12-25 amino acids and then loaded onto
MHC class II molecules. There is, however, an alternative model stating that
partially intact unfolding antigens are first bound by MHC class II molecules
and then trimmed to fragments of a smaller size while remaining bound to the
MHC class II molecule. In this analysis, we make the case that a considerable
portion of the elutable peptide cargo belongs to this latter class. N. Ref:: 61
----------------------------------------------------
[55]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Specialization in
tolerance: innate CD(4+)CD(25+) versus acquired TR1 and TH3 regulatory T cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S12-5.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106471.23410.32
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cottrez F; Groux H
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institut national de la sante et de la
recherche medicale, Hopital de l’Archet, Nice, France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The regulation of immune responses to
self-antigens is a complex process that involves maintaining self-tolerance
while retaining the capacity to mount robust immune responses against invading
microorganisms. Over the past few years, many new insights into this process
have been gained, leading to the reemergence of the idea that regulatory T
cells (Treg) are key players in immune regulation. These insights have raised
fundamental questions concerning the definition of a Treg and what exactly
constitutes T-cell-mediated suppression, identification of the signals and the
cellular environment that promote the development and differentiation of these
cells, and which signals maintain the homeostasis of the immune system. Thus
far, the different models where Treg have been characterized cannot fully
account for CD(4+)CD(25+) T cells. In this article, the authors propose the
coexistence of two specialized types of CD(4+) Treg-innate and acquired-that
differ in terms of their development, specificity, mechanisms, and sites of
action. N. Ref:: 33
----------------------------------------------------
[56]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Tolerance and cancer:
mechanisms of tumor evasion and strategies for breaking tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Oncol 2004 Mar 15;22(6):1136-51.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2004.10.041
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mapara MY; Sykes M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Hematology and Oncology,
University Medical Center Charite, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt University
Berlin, Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The development of malignant disease might
be seen as a failure of immune surveillance. However, not all tumors are
naturally immunogenic, and even among those that are immunogenic, the
uncontrolled rapid growth of a tumor may sometimes out-run a robust immune
response. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that mechanisms of tolerance
that normally exist to prevent autoimmune disease may also preclude the
development of an adequate antitumor response and that tumors themselves have
the ability to thwart the development of effective immune responses against
their antigens. A major challenge has been to develop approaches to breaking
this tolerance in tumor-bearing hosts, and recent advances in our understanding
of antigen presentation and tolerance have led to some promising strategies. An
alternative approach is to use T cells from nontumor-bearing, allogeneic hosts
in the form of lymphocyte infusions, with or without hematopoietic cell
transplantation. Immunotherapy may occur in this setting via the response of
nontolerant, tumor antigen-specific T cells from nontumor-bearing hosts or via
the powerful destructive effect of an alloresponse directed against antigens
shared by malignant cells in the recipient. Approaches to exploiting this
beneficial effect without the deleterious consequence of graft-versus-host
disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell recipients are discussed. N. Ref:: 100
----------------------------------------------------
[57]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Routes to allograft
survival.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2001 Apr;107(7):797-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bromberg JS; Murphy B
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Recanati/Miller Transplant Institute,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. jon.bromberg@mountsinai.org N. Ref:: 21
----------------------------------------------------
[58]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cytolytic pathways in
haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2002 Apr;2(4):273-81.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri775
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van den Brink MR; Burakoff SJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine, Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. vandenbm@mskcc.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The remarkable activity of donor T cells
against malignant cells in the context of an allogeneic haematopoietic
stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is arguably, at present, the most potent
clinical immunotherapy for cancer. However, alloreactive donor T cells are also
important effector cells in the development of graft-versus-host disease
(GVHD), which is a potentially lethal complication for recipients of an
allogeneic HSCT. Therefore, the separation of the GVHD and graft-versus-tumour
(GVT) activity of donor T cells has become a topic of great interest for many
investigators. Recent studies have shown that donor T cells make differential
use of their cytolytic pathways in mediating GVHD and GVT effects. Therefore,
the selective blockade or enhancement of cytolytic pathways provides an
intriguing therapeutic opportunity to separate the desired GVT effect from the
potentially devastating GVHD. N.
Ref:: 96
----------------------------------------------------
[59]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetically modified
immunocompetent cells in HIV infection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gene Ther 2001 Nov;8(21):1593-600.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/sj.gt.3301569
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Palu G; Li Pira G; Gennari F; Fenoglio D;
Parolin C; Manca F
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Histology, Microbiology and
Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua, Italy.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Even in the era of highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART), gene therapy (GT) can remain a promising
approach for suppressing HIV infection, especially if complemented with other
forms of pharmacological and immunological intervention. A large number of
vectors and targets have been studied. Here we discuss the potential of
genetically treated, antigen-specific immunocompetent cells for adoptive
autologous immunotherapy of HIV infection. Cellular therapies with
gene-modified CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes are aimed at reconstituting the
antigen-specific repertoires that may be deranged as a consequence of HIV
infection. Even if complete eradication of HIV from the reservoirs cannot be
achieved, reconstitution of cellular immunity specific for opportunistic
pathogens and for HIV itself is a desirable option to control progression of
HIV infection and AIDS pathogenesis better.
N. Ref:: 103
----------------------------------------------------
[60]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Gorillas with
spondyloarthropathies express an MHC class I molecule with only limited
sequence similarity to HLA-B27 that binds peptides with arginine at P2.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Immunol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jimmunol.org/
●●
Cita: J. of Immunology: <> 2001 Mar 1;166(5):3334-44.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Urvater JA; Hickman H; Dzuris JL;
Prilliman K; Allen TM; Schwartz KJ; Lorentzen D; Shufflebotham C; Collins EJ;
Neiffer DL; Raphael B; Hildebrand W; Sette A; Watkins DI
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Wisconsin Regional Primate Research
Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The human MHC class I gene, HLA-B27, is a
strong risk factor for susceptibility to a group of disorders termed
spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). HLA-B27-transgenic rodents develop SpAs,
implicating HLA-B27 in the etiology of these disorders. Several nonhuman
primates, including gorillas, develop signs of SpAs indistinguishable from
clinical signs of humans with SpAs. To determine whether SpAs in gorillas have
a similar HLA-B27-related etiology, we analyzed the MHC class I molecules
expressed in four affected gorillas. Gogo-B01, isolated from three of the
animals, has only limited similarity to HLA-B27 at the end of the alpha1
domain. It differs by several residues in the B pocket, including differences
at positions 45 and 67. However, the molecular model of Gogo-B*0101 is
consistent with a requirement for positively charged residues at the second
amino acid of peptides bound by the MHC class I molecule. Indeed, the peptide
binding motif and sequence of individual ligands eluted from Gogo-B*0101
demonstrate that, like HLA-B27, this gorilla MHC class I molecule binds
peptides with arginine at the second amino acid position of peptides bound by
the MHC class I molecule. Furthermore, live cell binding assays show that
Gogo-B*0101 can bind HLA-B27 ligands. Therefore, although most gorillas that
develop SpAs express an MHC class I molecule with striking differences to
HLA-B27, this molecule binds peptides similar to those bound by HLA-B27. N. Ref:: 61
----------------------------------------------------
[61]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Insulin/IGF and target
of rapamycin signaling: a TOR de force in growth control.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Trends Cell Biol 2003 Feb;13(2):79-85.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Oldham S; Hafen E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037,
USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - ‘They come in all sizes.’ Apart from its
origin and use in the clothing industry, this saying reflects the fact that the
size of organisms spans an enormous range. Whether destined to be large or
small, species grow in an organized fashion to reach their final specified
size. For growth to proceed, food must be metabolized to liberate energy in the
form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and protein building blocks in the form of
amino acids. One major orchestrator of this complex growth process in diverse
metazoan species is the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. This
review summarizes current studies primarily from Drosophila regarding the
function of the insulin/IGF system in the control of growth. N. Ref:: 75
----------------------------------------------------
[62]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - CD40L in autoimmunity
and mucosally induced tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2002 Jan;109(2):171-3.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kweon MN; Kiyono H
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research
Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. N. Ref:: 25
----------------------------------------------------
[63]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Human CD(4+)CD(25+)
regulatory T cells and infectious tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S23-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Stassen M; Schmitt E; Jonuleit H
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Immunology, Johannes
Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. michael.stassen@gmx.de.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Control of autoaggressive T cells by
regulatory T cells (Treg) is essential to ensuring peripheral tolerance.
Several subsets of CD(4+) T cells with suppressive properties have been
described, including induced T helper (Th) type 3 and T regulatory (Tr) type 1
cells and naturally occurring CD(4+)CD(25+) Treg. CD(4+)CD(25+) Treg suppress
the response of conventional T cells in a cell contact-dependent manner,
whereas Th3 and Tr1 cells produce immunosuppressive cytokines. Two subsets of
human CD(4+)CD(25+) Treg, characterized by expression of the integrins
alpha4beta7 or alpha4beta1, are able to convey suppressive capacity to
conventional CD(4+) T cells, thereby generating Th suppressor cells (Th(sup)).
One outstanding feature is the generation of Th(sup) with distinct properties.
alpha4beta7 Treg induce Tr1-like interleukin (IL)-10-producing Th(sup), whereas
alpha4beta1 Treg induce Th3-like Th(sup), which produce transforming growth
factor (TGF)-beta. Thus, our findings reconcile contradictory results clearly
demonstrating that suppression is contact dependent in vitro but mediated by
soluble factors (IL-10 and TGF-beta) in vivo.
N. Ref:: 21
----------------------------------------------------
[64]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Individuality: the
barrier to optimal immunosuppression.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Oct;3(10):831-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1204
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kahan BD
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Immunology and Organ
Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at
Houston, Suite 6.240, 6431 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Barry.D.Kahan@uth.tmc.edu.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Immunosuppressive therapy aims to protect
transplanted organs from host responses. Individuals have unique repertoires of
responses to foreign antigens and toxic reactions to immunosuppressants; the
former determining the type or intensity of rejection reactions and the latter
influencing the severity of iatrogenic effects. Because existing agents target
molecules that are widely distributed in tissues, new strategies must
selectively block lymphoid cells only, disrupt alloresponses but not innate
immune responses, interact synergistically with other agents, facilitate the
homeostatic process that naturally leads to graft acceptance and ideally only
interrupt donor-specific responses. Approaches presently under investigation
aim to alter cell trafficking, or selectively deviate the maturation of
antigen-presenting cells or inhibit lymphocyte-activation cascades - events
that are crucial to rejection responses.
N. Ref:: 92
----------------------------------------------------
[65]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cell survival and
clinical outcome following intrastriatal transplantation in Parkinson disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2001
Aug;60(8):741-52.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Hagell P; Brundin P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Clinical Neuroscience,
University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Intrastriatal transplantation of embryonic
dopaminergic neurons is currently explored as a restorative cell therapy for
Parkinson disease (PD). Clinical results have varied, probably due to
differences in transplantation methodology and patient selection. In this
review, we assess clinical trials and autopsy findings in grafted PD patients
and suggest that a minimum number of surviving dopaminergic neurons is required
for a favorable outcome. Restoration of [18F]-fluorodopa uptake in the putamen
to about 50% of the normal mean seems necessary for moderate to marked clinical
benefit to occur. Some studies indicate that this may require mesencephalic
tissue from 3-5 human embryos implanted into each hemisphere. The volume,
density and pattern of fiber outgrowth and reinnervation, as well as functional
integration and dopamine release. are postulated as additional important
factors for an optimal clinical outcome. For neural transplantation to become a
feasible therapeutic alternative in PD, graft survival must be increased and
the need for multiple donors of human embryonic tissue substantially decreased
or alternate sources of donor tissue developed. Donor cells derived from
alternative sources should demonstrate features comparable to those associated
with successful implantation of human embryonic tissue before clinical trials
are considered. N.
Ref:: 62
----------------------------------------------------
[66]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Anatomical basis of
tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Apr;3(4):331-41.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1057
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mowat AM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunology and Bacteriology,
Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK. a.m.mowat@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The intestinal immune system has to
discriminate between harmful and beneficial antigens. Although strong
protective immunity is essential to prevent invasion by pathogens, equivalent
responses against dietary proteins or commensal bacteria can lead to chronic
disease. These responses are normally prevented by a complex interplay of
regulatory mechanisms. This article reviews the unique aspects of the local
microenvironment of the intestinal immune system and discuss how these promote
the development of regulatory responses that ensure the maintenance of
homeostasis in the gut. N.
Ref:: 99
----------------------------------------------------
[67]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulatory (suppressor)
T cells in peripheral allograft tolerance and graft-versus-host reaction.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S5.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000107184.18562.FC
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Rifle G; Herve P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - UPRES EA563, Faculte de Medecine, Universite
de Bourgogne and Department of Nephrology-Intensive Care-Transplantation,
Hopital du Bocage, Dijon, France. gerard.rifle@chu-dijon.fr.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Among the mechanisms capable of inducing peripheral
tolerance, regulatory (suppressor) T cells (Treg) probably play a key role in
the control of both reactivity to self-antigens and alloimmune response.
Augmentation or manipulation of Treg could improve organ allograft survival or
control graft-versus-host disease, thus resulting in operational tolerance. The
role of this immunomanipulation as one method of inducing tolerance has yet to
be clearly defined. N.
Ref:: 14
----------------------------------------------------
[68]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The complementary roles
of deletion and regulation in transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Feb;3(2):147-58.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1002
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lechler RI; Garden OA; Turka LA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunology, Division of
Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith
Campus, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. r.lechler@ic.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Neonatal tolerance of alloantigens was
described in mice nearly half a century ago, but unfortunately, the translation
of these early findings into the clinical arena proved to be much more
challenging than was first anticipated. However, the past decade has seen
considerable progress in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to
transplantation tolerance in experimental models. This review outlines our
current understanding of the mechanisms of allograft tolerance, emphasizing the
complementary roles of deletion and regulation of alloreactive T cells. N. Ref:: 145
----------------------------------------------------
[69]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - “Rebooting” the immune
system with cyclophosphamide: taking risks for a “cure”?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Neurol 2003 Jan;53(1):7-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ana.10449
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lewis RA; Lisak RP N. Ref:: 11
----------------------------------------------------
[70]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Organ transplantation:
what is the state of the art?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Surg 2003 Dec;238(6 Suppl):S72-89.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Collins BH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Division of
Transplantation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. colli005@mc.duke.edu N. Ref:: 130
----------------------------------------------------
[71]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Nystatin prophylaxis
and treatment in severely immunodepressed patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2002;(2):CD002033.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gotzsche PC; Johansen HK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Nordic Cochrane Centre,
Rigshospitalet, Dept. 7112, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen O, Denmark, 2100. p.c.gotzsche@cochrane.dk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Nystatin is sometimes used
prophylactically in patients with severe immunodeficiency or in the treatment
of fungal infection in such patients, although the effect seems to be
equivocal. OBJECTIVES: To study whether nystatin decreases morbidity and
mortality when given prophylactically or therapeutically to patients with
severe immunodeficiency. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library
using a comprehensive search strategy, date of last search November 2001.
Contacted industry and scanned reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised
trials comparing nystatin with placebo, an untreated control group, fluconazole
or amphotericin B. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data on mortality, invasive
fungal infection and colonisation were extracted by both authors independently.
The outcomes were weighted by the inverse variance. A random effects model was
used unless p>0.10 for the test of heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS: We included
12 trials (1,464 patients). The drugs were given prophylactically in ten trials
and as treatment in two. Seven trials were in acute leukaemia, two in cancer,
one in liver transplant patients, one in critically ill surgical and trauma
patients, and one in AIDS patients. Nystatin had been compared with placebo in
three trials and with fluconazole in nine; the dose varied from 1.5 MIE to 72
MIE daily. The effect of nystatin was similar to that of placebo on fungal
colonisation (relative risk 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.13). There
was no statistically significant difference between fluconazole and nystatin on
mortality (relative risk 0.76, 0.49 to 1.18) whereas fluconazole was more
effective in preventing invasive fungal infection (relative risk 0.37, 0.15 to
0.91) and colonisation (relative risk 0.49, 0.34 to 0.70). The results were
very similar if the three studies which were not performed in cancer patients
were excluded. REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS: Nystatin cannot be recommended for prophylaxis
or treatment of Candida infections in immunodepressed patients. N. Ref:: 21
----------------------------------------------------
[72]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Scaffolding of antigen
receptors for immunogenic versus tolerogenic signaling.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Immunol 2003 Nov;4(11):1057-64.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/ni1001
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Jun JE; Goodnow CC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Australian Cancer Research Foundation
Genetics Laboratory and Medical Genome Centre, John Curtin School of Medical
Research, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Lymphocyte antigen receptors are
responsible for inducing the opposite responses of immunity or tolerance. How
the correct polarity of antigen receptor signaling is encoded has been an
enduring enigma. Here we summarize recent advances defining key scaffolding
molecules, CARMA1 (also known as CARD11) and the Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases,
required for either immunogenic or tolerogenic signaling by antigen receptors.
These scaffolding proteins may determine the polarity of response to antigen by
promoting assembly around antigen receptors of competing multiprotein signal
complexes: immunosomes versus tolerosomes. Each of the factors that influence
immunogenicity or tolerogenicity—stage of lymphocyte differentiation,
concurrent engagement of inhibitory or costimulatory receptors, extent of
receptor crosslinking, and prior antigen experience—may be integrated in
lymphocytes through their capacity to influence the probability of assembling
immunosomes versus tolerosomes. N.
Ref:: 111
----------------------------------------------------
[73]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Effect of dexamethasone
on beta2-adrenergic desensitization in airway smooth muscle: role of the ARG19
polymorphism.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Chest. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.chestjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Chest: <> 2003 Mar;123(3 Suppl):368S-9S.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Moore PE; Calder MM; Silverman ES;
Panettieri RA Jr; Shore SA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology
(Dr. Moore and Mr. Calder), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,
Nashville, TN 37232-2586, USA. N.
Ref:: 1
----------------------------------------------------
[74]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Challenges to achieving
clinical transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2001 Oct;108(7):943-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Salama AD; Remuzzi G; Harmon WE; Sayegh MH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Immunogenetics and
Transplantation, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115, USA. N.
Ref:: 50
----------------------------------------------------
[75]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Antiadhesion molecule
therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Inflamm Bowel Dis 2002 Jul;8(4):291-300.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van Assche G; Rutgeerts P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Gastroenterology, University
Hospital Leuven, Belgium. gert.vanassche@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Adhesion molecules regulate the influx of
leukocytes in normal and inflamed gut. Some of these molecules such as MadCAM-1
are specific for the gastrointestinal endothelium, but in inflammatory bowel
diseases most of the adhesion factors are up-regulated. Adhesion molecules also
are involved in local lymphocyte stimulation and antigen presentation within
the intestinal mucosa. Recently, therapeutic compounds directed against
trafficking of lymphocytes toward the gut mucosa have been designed, and are
being developed as a novel class of drugs in the treatment of Crohn’s disease
(CD) and ulcerative colitis. This review deals with the immunological aspects
of leukocyte trafficking focused on gut homing of T cells. Secondly, the
changes in adhesion molecules and T-cell trafficking during intestinal
inflammation are discussed. Finally, we review the clinical data that have been
gathered in trials of biological therapies directed against adhesion molecules.
Both antiintercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and anti-alpha4 integrin
strategies are being developed. Trials with the anti-ICAM-1 antisense
oligonucleotide, ISIS-2302, in steroid-refractory CD have provided conflicting
efficacy data. The anti-alpha4 integrin antibodies natalizumab (Antegren) and
LDP-02 are in phase III and phase II trials, respectively. In the near future,
these novel biological agents may prove valuable therapeutic tools in the
management of refractory IBD. N.
Ref:: 56
----------------------------------------------------
[76]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Negative
selection—clearing out the bad apples from the T-cell repertoire.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 May;3(5):383-91.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1085
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Palmer E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology
and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel,
Switzerland. ed.palmer@unibas.ch
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dead cells are a prominent feature of the
thymic landscape as only 5% of developing thymocytes are exported as mature T
cells. The remaining thymocytes die by one of two mechanisms; most thymocytes
die because they are not positively selected and do not receive a survival
signal, whereas a minority of thymocytes undergo T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated
apoptosis, a process known as negative selection. Negative selection is
extremely important for establishing a functional immune system, as it provides
an efficient mechanism for ridding the T-cell repertoire of self-reactive and
potentially autoimmune lymphocytes. This review discusses several cellular and
molecular aspects of negative selection.
N. Ref:: 95
----------------------------------------------------
[77]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Virus evasion of MHC
class I molecule presentation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Immunol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jimmunol.org/
●●
Cita: J. of Immunology: <> 2003 Nov 1;171(9):4473-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Petersen JL; Morris CR; Solheim JC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer
and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA. N. Ref:: 97
----------------------------------------------------
[78]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Thalidomide treatment
for refractory Crohn’s disease: a review of the history, pharmacological
mechanisms and clinical literature.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Med 2001 Nov;33(8):516-25.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ginsburg PM; Dassopoulos T; Ehrenpreis ED
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Gastroenterology, University
of Chicago Hospitals, IL 60637, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Several recent case reports and clinical
trials have demonstrated that thalidomide is emerging as an efficacious
alternative in the treatment of selected patients with refractory Crohn’s
disease. The effects of thalidomide are at least partly mediated by
down-regulation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a potent proinflammatory
cytokine. However, thalidomide is also known to inhibit angiogenesis, and it
has several other well-described immunomodulatory properties. Clinical studies
have confirmed that previously refractory Crohn’s disease patients respond to
thalidomide, and many enter clinical remission. Efficacy usually occurs within
4 weeks. Thalidomide also has steroid-sparing properties, and it is particularly
useful in treating oral and fistulous complications of Crohn’s disease.
Although it is usually tolerable, careful monitoring is recommended to prevent
toxicities, such as birth defects and peripheral neuropathy. This review
provides a detailed summary of the literature to date on the use of thalidomide
treatment for Crohn’s disease. Special attention is directed towards its
history, mechanisms, and proposed role. The recent development of thalidomide
analogues is also discussed briefly. N.
Ref:: 116
----------------------------------------------------
[79]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Fatal Scopulariopsis
brevicaulis infection in a paediatric stem-cell transplant patient treated with
voriconazole and caspofungin and a review of Scopulariopsis infections in
immunocompromised patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Infect 2004 Jan;48(1):112-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Steinbach WJ; Schell WA; Miller JL;
Perfect JR; Martin PL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases,
Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3499, Durham, NC,
USA. stein022@mc.duke.edu N. Ref:: 33
----------------------------------------------------
[80]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The transplantation of
hematopoietic stem cells after non-myeloablative conditioning: a cellular
therapeutic approach to hematologic and genetic diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunol Res 2003;28(1):13-24.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Maris M; Storb R
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. mmaris@fhcrc.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Originally, allogeneic hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation (HSCT) was viewed as a form of rescue from the marrow
lethal effects of high doses of chemo-radiotherapy used to both eradicate
malignancy and to provide sufficient immunosuppression to ensure allogeneic
engraftment. Clear evidence of a therapeutic graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect
mediated by allogeneic effector cells (T cells) has prompted the exploration of
HSCT regimens that rely solely upon host immunosuppression (non-myeloablative)
to facilitate allogeneic donor engraftment. The engrafted donor effector cells
are then used to accomplish the task of eradicating host malignant cells. The
non-myeloblative regimen developed in Seattle uses 2 Gy total body irradiation
(TBI) before transplant followed by postgrafting cyclosporine (CSP) and
mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). This regimen resulted in initial mixed donor-host
chimerism in all patients with hematologic malignancies and genetic disorders
who received HLA-matched sibling allografts. The 17% incidence of graft
rejection was reduced to 3% with the addition of fludarabine, 30 mg/m2/day on d
-4, -3, and -2. The non-myeloablative combination of fludarabine/TBI has also
been successful at achieving high engraftment rates in recipients of 10 of 10
HLA antigen matched unrelated donor HSCTs in patients with hematologic
malignancies. By reducing acute toxicities relative to conventional HSCT, most
patients have received their pre- and post-HSCT therapy almost exclusively as
outpatients. Acute and chronic GVHD occur after non-myeloablative HSCT, but the
incidence and severity appear less compared to conventional HSCT. As in
conventional transplants, immune dysregulation from GVHD and its treatment and
delayed reconstitution of immune function continue to present risks to patients
who have otherwise undergone successful non-myeloablative HSCT. Cellular
therapeutic effects have been observed after non-myeloablative HSCT such as
correction of inherited genetic disorders, and eradication of hematologic
malignant diseases and renal cell carcinoma via GVT responses. N. Ref:: 52
----------------------------------------------------
[81]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Allogeneic
transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells after nonmyeloablative conditioning
for Hodgkin’s disease: indications and results.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol 2004 Feb;31(1):27-32.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Schmitz N; Sureda A; Robinson S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Hematology, AK St. Georg,
Hamburg, Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - A number of treatment options are
available for patients with relapsed Hodgkin’s disease (HD). Radiotherapy,
salvage chemotherapy, high-dose therapy (HDT) followed by autologous
transplantation, and classical or nonmyeloablative conditioning followed by
allogeneic transplantation can all be effective in patients with relapsed HD.
Patients with early relapse after modern first-line chemotherapy, as well as
patients with primary progressive disease, will be candidates for innovative
approaches including nonmyelablative stem cell transplant (NST). Although
initial results with NST look promising, more time and structured study of both
HD and NST will be necessary to ultimately define the role of NST in this
disease. N. Ref:: 37
----------------------------------------------------
[82]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - DR, DQ, and you: MHC
alleles and autoimmunity.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2001 Apr;107(7):795-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Sonderstrup G; McDevitt HO
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5124, USA. gretes@stanford.edu N. Ref:: 12
----------------------------------------------------
[83]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Drug immunosuppression
therapy for adult heart transplantation. Part 2: clinical applications and
results.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Jan;77(1):363-71.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mueller XM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. xavier.mueller@usherbrooke.ca
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - This review describes the clinical
application of classical immunosuppressive drugs as well as that of more recent
drugs. All current immunosuppressive drugs target T-cell activation, and
cytokine production and clonal expansion, or both. Immunosuppressive protocols
can be broadly divided into induction therapy, maintenance immunosuppression,
and treatment of acute rejection episodes.
N. Ref:: 82
----------------------------------------------------
[84]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Potential roles of
protein oxidation and the immunoproteasome in MHC class I antigen presentation:
the ‘PrOxI’ hypothesis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arch Biochem Biophys 2004 Mar
1;423(1):88-96.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.abb.2003.12.001
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Teoh CY; Davies KJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center and
Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, The University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation system is responsible for the cell-surface
presentation of self-proteins and intracellular viral proteins. This pathway is
important in screening between self, and non-self or infected cells. In this
pathway, proteins are partially degraded to peptides in the cytosol and
targeted to the cell surface bound to an MHC-I receptor protein. At the cell
surface, T cells bypass cells displaying self-peptides but destroy others
displaying foreign antigens. Cells contain several isoforms of the proteasome,
but it is thought that the immunoproteasome is the major form involved in
generating peptides for the MHC-I pathway. How all intracellular proteins are
targeted for MHC-I processing is unclear. Oxidative stress is experienced by
all cells, and all proteins are exposed to oxidation. We propose that oxidative
modification makes proteins susceptible to degradation by the immunoproteasome.
This could be called the protein oxidation and immunoproteasome or ‘PrOxI’
hypothesis of MHC-I antigen processing. Protein oxidation may, thus, be a
universal mechanism for peptide generation and presentation in the MHC-I
pathway. N. Ref:: 123
----------------------------------------------------
[85]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - B cell-ablative therapy
for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2002 Aug;46(8):1984-5.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/art.10476
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Patel DD
N. Ref:: 18
----------------------------------------------------
[86]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells
transduced with viral interleukin 10 or Fas ligand: no evidence for induction
of allotolerance in vivo.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2002 Jan 15;73(1
Suppl):S27-30.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Buonocore S; Van Meirvenne S; Demoor FX; Paulart
F; Thielemans K; Goldman M; Flamand V
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - 2 Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School
of Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent
presenters of alloantigens and therefore are responsible for the induction of
allograft rejection. Genetic modifications of DC allowing the expression of a
tolerogenic molecule may render them immunosuppressive. We transduced bone
marrow-derived DC with recombinant MFG retrovirus encoding either viral
interleukin (vIL)-10 or Fas ligand (FasL) to induce transplantation tolerance.
Up to 10 ng/ml of bioactive vIL-10 was produced by DC after transfer of the
corresponding gene. Although the inhibitory properties of vIL-10-transduced DC
were revealed in vitro in a mixed lymphocyte culture, no clear down-regulation
of the allogeneic response was observed in vivo after single or multiple
injections of those DC overexpressing vIL-10. When we transduced wild-type bone
marrow-derived DC with recombinant MFG retrovirus encoding murine FasL, cells
quickly died, probably because of suicidal or fratricidal Fas-dependent death.
Indeed, only DC from Fas-deficient lpr mice survived to FasL gene transfer.
Those FasL-transduced lpr DC exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity against
Fas-positive targets in vitro. DC overexpressing FasL did not behave as
immunosuppressive DC in vivo. The subcutaneous injection of FasL+ lpr DC in MHC
class II-disparate mice hyperactivated the allospecific proliferation of T
cells in the draining lymph nodes compared with mice treated with
control-transduced DC. These results argue against the development of FasL+ DC
or vIL-10-secreting DC as immunosuppressive tools in vivo. The alternative
pathways of T-cell activation triggered by these genetically modified DC need
to be investigated. N.
Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[87]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Induction of tolerance
in autoimmune diseases by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: getting
closer to a cure?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2002 Feb 1;99(3):768-84.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Burt RK; Slavin S; Burns WH; Marmont AM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Immune Therapy and Autoimmune
Disease, Northwestern University Medical Center, 320 E. Superior, Searle Bldg.
Rm 3-489, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. rburt@nwu.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the
earliest cells of the immune system, giving rise to B and T lymphocytes,
monocytes, tissue macrophages, and dendritic cells. In animal models, adoptive
transfer of HSCs, depending on circumstances, may cause, prevent, or cure
autoimmune diseases. Clinical trials have reported early remission of otherwise
refractory autoimmune disorders after either autologous or allogeneic
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). By percentage of
transplantations performed, autoimmune diseases are the most rapidly expanding
indication for stem cell transplantation. Although numerous editorials or
commentaries have been previously published, no prior review has focused on the
immunology of transplantation tolerance or development of phase 3 autoimmune
HSCT trials. Results from current trials suggest that mobilization of HSCs,
conditioning regimen, eligibility and exclusion criteria, toxicity, outcome,
source of stem cells, and posttransplantation follow-up need to be disease
specific. HSCT-induced remission of an autoimmune disease allows for a
prospective analysis of events involved in immune tolerance not available in
cross-sectional studies. N.
Ref:: 358
----------------------------------------------------
[88]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - In vitro generation of
IL-10-producing regulatory CD4+ T cells is induced by immunosuppressive drugs
and inhibited by Th1- and Th2-inducing cytokines.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunol Lett 2003 Jan 22;85(2):135-9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - O’Garra A; Barrat FJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Immunoregulation, The National
Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, NW7 1AA,
London, UK. N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[89]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Penicillin-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae septic shock and meningitis complicating chronic graft
versus host disease: a case report and review of the literature.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Med 2002 Aug 1;113(2):152-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Haddad PA; Repka TL; Weisdorf DJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Hematology, Oncology and
Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
USA. N. Ref:: 34
----------------------------------------------------
[90]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Treating human
autoimmune disease by depleting B cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Rheum Dis 2002 Oct;61(10):863-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Looney RJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of Rochester, Rochester, New
York 14642, USA. John_looney@URMC.Rochester.edu N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[91]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pretransplant blood
transfusions revisited: a role for CD(4+) regulatory T cells?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S26-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106469.12073.01
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Roelen D; Brand A; Claas FH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunohematology and
Bloodtransfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. d.l.roelen@lumc.nl.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Pretransplant blood transfusions have been
shown to improve organ allograft survival. However, the immunologic mechanism
leading to this beneficial effect of blood transfusions is still unknown. The
observation that transfusions sharing at least one HLA-DR antigen (human
leukocyte antigen) with the recipient are more effective than HLA-mismatched
transfusions has led to the hypothesis that CD(4+) regulatory T cells are
induced that recognize allopeptides of the blood transfusion donor in the
context of the self-HLA-DR molecule on the donor cells. In vitro studies showed
that CD(4+) T cells recognizing an allopeptide in the context of self-HLA-DR
are indeed able to decrease the alloimmune response of autologous T cells by
affecting the activated T cells directly or indirectly by their modulatory
effect on dendritic cells. The first studies in a patient with a
well-functioning kidney graft after receiving an HLA-DR-matched pretransplant
blood transfusion showed that the low organ donor-specific cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte response after transplantation was indeed attributable to the
activity of regulatory CD(4+) T cells. N.
Ref:: 24
----------------------------------------------------
[92]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase-expressing antigen-presenting cells and peripheral T-cell
tolerance: another piece to the atopic puzzle?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003
Nov;112(5):854-60.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S0091
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - von Bubnoff D; Hanau D; Wenzel J; Takikawa
O; Hall B; Koch S; Bieber T
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Dermatology,
Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - There is growing evidence that dendritic
cells, the major antigen-presenting cells and T-cell activators, have a broad
effect on peripheral T-cell tolerance and regulation of immunity. Very
recently, a new feature of regulatory antigen-presenting cells was observed.
Certain dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages express the enzyme
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and thus because of enhanced degradation of the
essential amino acid tryptophan, they modulate T-cell activity in specific
local tissue environments. In this review we discuss the various and apparently
disparate effects of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase induction in cells of the
immune system. We place current knowledge about this mechanism in the context
of atopy. We introduce the hypothesis that tryptophan degradation might add to
the ability to control and downregulate allergen-specific T-cell responses in
atopic individuals. N.
Ref:: 44
----------------------------------------------------
[93]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cross-presentation in
viral immunity and self-tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2001 Nov;1(2):126-34.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35100512
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Heath WR; Carbone FR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza
Hall Institute, Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. heath@wehi.edu.au
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - T lymphocytes recognize peptide antigens
presented by class I and class II molecules encoded by the major
histocompatibility complex (MHC). Classical antigen-presentation studies showed
that MHC class I molecules present peptides derived from proteins synthesized
within the cell, whereas MHC class II molecules present exogenous proteins
captured from the environment. Emerging evidence indicates, however, that
dendritic cells have a specialized capacity to process exogenous antigens into
the MHC class I pathway. This function, known as cross-presentation, provides
the immune system with an important mechanism for generating immunity to
viruses and tolerance to self. N.
Ref:: 83
----------------------------------------------------
[94]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells and the
mode of action of anticalcineurinic drugs: an integrating hypothesis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nephrol Dial Transplant. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ndt.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: <> 2003 Mar;18(3):467-8;
discussion 469-70.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Fierro A; Mora JR; Bono MR; Morales J;
Buckel E; Sauma D; Rosemblatt M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Clinica las Condes, Transplantation Unit,
Santiago, Chile. afierro@vtr.net N. Ref:: 16
----------------------------------------------------
[95]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Scedosporium
prolificans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child treated with voriconazole
and caspofungin, as well as locally applied polyhexamethylene biguanide.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Microbiol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://jcm.asm.org/
●●
Cita: J. Clinical Microbiology: <> 2003 Aug;41(8):3981-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Steinbach WJ; Schell WA; Miller JL;
Perfect JR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pediatrics, Duke University,
Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. stein022@mc.duke.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Scedosporium species are increasingly
isolated from immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Unfortunately,
Scedosporium infections are generally resistant to amphotericin B, and
Scedosporium prolificans strains are particularly resistant to the antifungal
agents now in use. We report here on an immunocompetent child with S.
prolificans-associated osteomyelitis successfully treated with debridement,
local irrigation with polyhexamethylene biguanide, and the systemic
administration of voriconazole and caspofungin despite poor in vitro activity
of voriconazole alone against the isolate. We also review the treatments and
outcomes of 28 reported cases of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis caused by
Scedosporium species in immunocompetent patients. N. Ref:: 62
----------------------------------------------------
[96]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Therapeutic management
of extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus
infection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Rheumatology (Oxford). Acceso gratuito al
texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://rheumatology.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Rheumatology (Oxford): <> 2003 Jul;42(7):818-28. Epub 2003 Apr 16.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/rheumatology/keg299
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ramos-Casals M; Trejo O; Garcia-Carrasco
M; Font J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Autoimmune Diseases,
Clinical Institutes of Infection and Immunology, Insitut d’Investigacions
Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, Department of Medicine, School
of Medicine, University of Barcelona, España. mramos@clinic.ub.es N. Ref:: 123
----------------------------------------------------
[97]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Manipulation of
dendritic cells for tolerance induction in transplantation and autoimmune
disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2002 Jan 15;73(1
Suppl):S19-22.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lu L; Thomson AW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation
Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. Lul@msx.upmc.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells (DC) constitute a complex
system of uniquely well-equipped antigen-presenting cells that initiate and
regulate immune responses. Extensive recent studies have improved our
understanding of DC development, differentiation, activation, and function. DC
exist as distinct subsets that differ in their lineage affiliation, surface
molecule expression, and biological function. These factors seem to determine
the T-cell polarizing signals and type of T cell response-T helper 1, T helper
2, or T regulatory- induced by DC (1). Evidence has accumulated that DC play an
important role in both central and peripheral tolerance via various mechanisms,
including induction of T-cell anergy, immune deviation, T regulatory cell
activity, and promotion of activated T-cell apoptosis. Although many of the
details of the molecular basis of DC tolerogenicity have yet to be elucidated,
emerging information suggests that costimulatory molecule deficiency,
expression of death-inducing ligands (in particular Fas [CD95] ligand),
microenvironmental factors (in particular anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive
cytokines), and inhibition of gene transcription regulatory proteins (e.g.,
nuclear factor-kappaB) can impart tolerogenic potential to DC (2). Manipulation
of DC by control of their maturation and differentiation, or genetic
engineering of these cells to express immunosuppressive molecules, offers
potential for therapy of allograft rejection and autoimmune disease. In this
brief overview, we outline principles and methods for generation of
“tolerogenic” DC and outcomes that have been reported in experimental models.
Space constraints limit literature citations.
N. Ref:: 18
----------------------------------------------------
[98]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - To DRiP or not to DRiP:
generating peptide ligands for MHC class I molecules from biosynthesized
proteins.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mol Immunol 2002 Oct;39(3-4):139-46.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Yewdell J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
Room 211 Bldg 4, 4 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-0440, USA. jyewdell@nih.gov N. Ref:: 75
----------------------------------------------------
[99]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Drug immunosuppression
therapy for adult heart transplantation. Part 1: immune response to allograft
and mechanism of action of immunosuppressants.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Jan;77(1):354-62.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mueller XM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. xavier.mueller@usherbrooke.ca
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - In the early days of transplantation,
immunosuppression therapy was rather broad and nonspecific, mainly using
high-dose corticosteroids and azathioprine. Thereafter we progressively
narrowed the target of immunosuppressive strategy starting with polyclonal
antibodies. The introduction of cyclosporine, OKT3, and tacrolimus further
narrowed the target on the T-cell pathways. More recently mycophenolate mofetil
progressively took the place of azathioprine with its higher lymphocyte specificity
and sirolimus and interleukin-2 receptor antibodies were introduced. In this
field in constant movement the aim is to find a drug or a regimen that provides
optimal immunosuppression therapy with minimal side effects, in other words to
find the right balance between overimmunosuppression and underimmunosuppression
therapy. This review is divided into two parts. The first part will provide a
basic understanding of the immunologic response to allograft and explain how
conventional and recently introduced immunosuppressive agents work. The second
part will describe the clinical application of immunosuppressive drugs to
provide practical information for those in charge of heart transplant
recipients. N. Ref:: 68
----------------------------------------------------
[100]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulation of gene
expression in lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells by measles virus:
consequences for immunomodulation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Mol Med 2002 Feb;80(2):73-85. Epub 2001
Nov 15.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00109-001-0299-x
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Schneider-Schaulies S; Bieback K; Avota E;
Klagge I; ter Meulen V
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute for Virology and Immunobiology,
University of Wurzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany. s-s-s@vim.uni-wuerzburg.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Acute measles, a well known disease
usually contracted during early childhood, is still the major cause of
vaccine-preventable infant deaths worldwide. There are about 40 million cases
of acute measles per year, with more than one million cases of infant death as
a consequence of measles. These are mainly due to opportunistic infections
which develop on the basis of a generalized suppression of the cellular
immunity in the course and after the acute disease. Lymphopenia, a general
proliferative unresponsiveness of T cells ex vivo and cytokine imbalance, are
considered as major hallmarks of measles virus (MV) induced immunosuppression.
These findings are compatible with modulation of T cell responses by viral
interference with professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells
or direct effects on T cells by suppression of survival or proliferation
signals. In vitro, MV interaction causes a variety of effects on dendritic
cells, including maturation and loss of their allostimulatory functions.
Whether there is an additional impact on the quality of T cell responses is
unknown as yet. It is clear, however, that surface interaction of lymphocytes
with the MV glycoprotein complex is necessary and sufficient to induce a state
of proliferative unresponsiveness in T cells. This surface contact mediated
signal essentially interferes with the propagation of the interleukin 2
receptor signal by blocking the activation of the protein kinase B, also called
Akt kinase, both in vitro and after experimental infection. N. Ref:: 122
----------------------------------------------------
[101]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The history and future
of T-cell depletion as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis for allogeneic
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2001 Dec 1;98(12):3192-204.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ho VT; Soiffer RJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA. N. Ref:: 244
----------------------------------------------------
[102]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Ultraviolet
light-induced regulatory (suppressor) T cells: an approach for promoting
induction of operational allograft tolerance?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S29-31.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000112969.24120.64
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Aubin F; Mousson C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Dermatology and EA3181,
University Hospital, Besancon, France. francois.aubin@ufc-chu.univ-fcomte.fr.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Ultraviolet (UV) light is known to induce
skin cancers by causing DNA gene mutations and inducing immunosuppression.
Taking advantage of these immunosuppressive capacities, UV light has been used,
with different modalities, as an immunosuppressive therapy in a variety of
diseases including allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Phototherapy
includes UVB irradiation, UVA irradiation, oral psoralen (+)UVA irradiation
(PUVA), photodynamic therapy, and extracorporeal photopheresis, which consists
of infusion of UVA-irradiated autologous leukocytes collected by apheresis and
incubated with 8-methoxypsoralen. According to numerous experimental models and
human data, there is increasing evidence that UVB irradiation and
extracorporeal photopheresis can induce regulatory T cells and anticlonotypic
activity. These therapies induce apoptosis of activated T cells or of
extracorporally treated mononuclear cells, and up-regulate the expression of
costimulary molecules and adhesion molecules on antigen presenting cells. UVB-
or UVA-induced apoptotic cells could secrete immune suppressive cytokines (interleukin
(IL)-4, IL-10). The processing and presentation of apoptotic T cell antigens
from clones of pathogenic T cells by activated antigen presenting cells might
explain the induction of systemic anticlonotypic activity by photopheresis.
This induction of cell-mediated suppressive activity opens up future prospects
with the aim of expanding regulatory T cells and/or anticlonotypic activity,
especially by photopheresis in organ and cell transplantation. N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[103]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Advances in
transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2001 Jun 16;357(9272):1959-63.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Yu X; Carpenter P; Anasetti C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Human Immunogenetics Program, Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Immunosuppressive drugs developed in the
past two decades have improved the short-term survival of organ allografts, but
tolerance has not been achieved and almost all transplant recipients continue
to require drugs throughout life. Graft rejection arises from the cognate
interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells, the recognition of
alloantigen through the T-cell receptor, and the delivery of accessory
stimulation signals. Once activated by the specific antigen, replicating T
cells die if they are re-exposed to the same antigen. Since depletion of
antigen-activated T cells is one critical mechanism of transplantation
tolerance, drugs such as ciclosporin that interfere with activation-induced
T-cell death could inhibit tolerance, whereas drugs such as mycophenolate
mofetil, that induce the death of activated T cells, could facilitate
tolerance. Other tolerance mechanisms depend on inactivation rather than
elimination of allograft reactive T cells. When antigen recognition occurs
without costimulation through the CD28 and CD154 accessory receptors, or in
absence of cell division, T cells become unresponsive. Thus, inhibitors of CD28
and CD154, and inhibition of T-cell division by rapamycin promotes
transplantation tolerance. N.
Ref:: 54
----------------------------------------------------
[104]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunisations in
solid-organ transplant recipients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2002 Mar 16;359(9310):957-65.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Stark K; Gunther M; Schonfeld C; Tullius
SG; Bienzle U
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Tropical Medicine, Charite,
Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. starkk@rki.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Solid-organ transplant recipients are at
increased risk of various infectious diseases, some of which are vaccine
preventable mmunisations are among the most efficient interventions available.
Solid-organ tranplant recipients would greatly benefit from effective
immunisations, provided the recommendations are based on a careful risk-benefit
analysis in which the effectiveness of the vaccine is weighed against possible
adverse reactions, including graft rejection. In this review, we summarise the
data from studies on relevant immunisations in solid-organ transplant
recipients. The major issues are the immunogenicity and safety of
immunisations, the factors associated with poor immune response, and
recommendations for immunisation schemes.
N. Ref:: 94
----------------------------------------------------
[105]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Xenotransplantation and
other means of organ replacement.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2001 Nov;1(2):154-60.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35100578
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cascalho M; Platt JL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery and Immunology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Exciting new technologies, such as
cellular transplantation, organogenesis and xenotransplantation, are thought to
be promising approaches for the treatment of human disease. The feasibility of
applying these technologies, however, might be limited by biological and
immunological hurdles. Here, we consider whether, and how, xenotransplantation
and various other technologies might be applied in future efforts to replace or
supplement the function of human organs and tissues. N. Ref:: 73
----------------------------------------------------
[106]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Survival after
HLA-identical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow
transplantation for hematologic malignancies: meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Bone Marrow Transplant 2003
Aug;32(3):293-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/sj.bmt.1704112
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Horan JT; Liesveld JL; Fernandez ID; Lyman
GH; Phillips GL; Lerner NB; Fisher SG
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pediatrics, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The impact of peripheral blood stem cell
transplantation (PBSCT) on survival relative to bone marrow transplantation
(BMT) remains poorly defined. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
comparing HLA-matched related PBSC- and BMT for patients with hematologic
malignancies have been published, yielding differing results. We conducted a
meta-analysis of published RCTs to more precisely estimate the effect of PBSCT
on survival. Seven trials that assessed survival were identified and included
in our analysis. Using a fixed effects model, and combining the results of all
seven trials, the summary odds ratio for mortality after PBSCT was 0.81 (95%
CI, 0.62-1.05) when compared to BMT. Subgroup analysis revealed no association
between the median PBSCT 34+ cell dose and relative risk for morality after
PBSCT. However, there was an association between the proportion of patients
enrolled with advanced-stage disease and the summary odds ratio for mortality.
The pooled estimate was 0.64 for studies where patients with
intermediate/advanced disease comprised at least 25% of enrollment, and was
1.07 for the studies enrolling a smaller proportion. This finding substantiates
results from previously published studies that have demonstrated a survival
advantage with PBSCT limited to patients with advanced disease.
----------------------------------------------------
[107]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulatory T cells in
kidney transplant recipients: active players but to what extent?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Am Soc Nephrol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jasn.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: <> 2003
Jun;14(6):1706-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Zhai Y; Kupiec-Weglinski JW N. Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[108]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The bare lymphocyte
syndrome and the regulation of MHC expression.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Annu Rev Immunol 2001;19:331-73.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.331
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Reith W; Mach B
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Jeantet Laboratory of Molecular Genetics,
Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Geneva Medical School, 1
rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4, 1211 Switzerland. Walter.Reith@medecine.unige.ch
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a
hereditary immunodeficiency resulting from the absence of major histocompatibility
complex class II (MHCII) expression. Considering the central role of MHCII
molecules in the development and activation of CD4(+) T cells, it is not
surprising that the immune system of the patients is severely impaired. BLS is
the prototype of a “disease of gene regulation.” The affected genes encode
RFXANK, RFX5, RFXAP, and CIITA, four regulatory factors that are highly
specific and essential for MHCII genes. The first three are subunits of RFX, a
trimeric complex that binds to all MHCII promoters. CIITA is a non-DNA-binding
coactivator that functions as the master control factor for MHCII expression.
The study of RFX and CIITA has made major contributions to our comprehension of
the molecular mechanisms controlling MHCII genes and has made this system into
a textbook model for the regulation of gene expression. N. Ref:: 183
----------------------------------------------------
[109]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prediction of an
HLA-DR-binding peptide derived from Wilms’ tumour 1 protein and demonstration of
in vitro immunogenicity of WT1(124-138)-pulsed dendritic cells generated
according to an optimised protocol.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cancer Immunol Immunother 2002
Jul;51(5):271-81. Epub 2002 Apr 26.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00262-002-0278-2
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Knights AJ; Zaniou A; Rees RC; Pawelec G;
Muller L
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of Tubingen, Section for
Transplantation Immunology and Immunohaematology, Second Department of Internal
Medicine, Zentrum fur Medizinische Forschung ZMF, Waldhornlestrasse 22, 72072
Tubingen, Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The Wilms’ tumour 1 (WT1) protein is
over-expressed in several types of cancer including leukaemias and might
therefore constitute a novel target for immunotherapy. Recently, human
leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I-binding WT1 peptides have been identified and
shown to stimulate CD8(+) T cells in vitro. For maximal CD8 cell efficacy,
CD4(+) helper T cells responding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class II-binding epitopes are required. Here, we report that scanning the WT1
protein sequence using an evidence-based predictive computer algorithm
(SYFPEITHI) yielded a peptide WT1(124-138) predicted to bind the HLA-DRB1*0401
molecule with high affinity. Moreover, synthetic WT1(124-138)-peptide-pulsed
dendritic cells (DC), generated according to a protocol optimised in the
present study, sensitised T cells in vitro to proliferate and secrete interferon-gamma
(IFN-gamma) when rechallenged with specific peptide-pulsed DC, but not with
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These results suggest that the WT1
protein may yield epitopes immunogenic to CD4 as well as CD8 T cells, and
therefore constitute a novel potential target for specific immunotherapy.
----------------------------------------------------
[110]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Induction of T cell
alertness by bacterial colonization of intestinal epithelium.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.pnas.org/
●●
Cita: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS): <> 2002 Mar 5;99(5):2584-6.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1073/pnas.062058399
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Spies T
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
Clinical Research Division, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
tspies@fhcrc.org N. Ref:: 32
----------------------------------------------------
[111]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Imiquimod 5% cream for
the treatment of cutaneous lesions in immunocompromised patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 2003
Sep;(214):23-7.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Johnson R; Stockfleth E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Bartlett Hall, Boston, MA 02114, USA. RAJOHNSON@PARTNERS.ORG N. Ref:: 43
----------------------------------------------------
[112]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Induction of immune
tolerance by dendritic cells: implications for preventative and therapeutic
immunotherapy of autoimmune disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunol Cell Biol 2002 Dec;80(6):509-19.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Thompson AG; Thomas R
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research,
Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells (DC) have a key role in
controlling the immune response, by determining the outcome of antigen
presentation to T cells. Through costimulatory molecules and other factors, DC
are involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance through modulation of
the immune response. This modulation occurs both constitutively, and in
inflammation, in order to prevent autoimmunity and to control established
immune responses. Dendritic cell control of immune responses may be mediated through
cytokine or cell-contact dependent mechanisms. The molecular and cellular basis
of these controls is being understood at an increasingly more complex level.
This understanding is reaching a level at which DC-based therapies for the
induction of immune regulation in autoimmunity can be tested in vivo. This
review outlines the current state of knowledge of DC in immune tolerance, and
proposes how DC might control both T cell responses, and themselves, to prevent
autoimmunity and maintain peripheral tolerance. N. Ref:: 135
----------------------------------------------------
[113]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Plasticity of
hematopoietic stem cells: enough to induce tolerance and repair tissue?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2002 Apr;46(4):855-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/art.10201 [pii]
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Burt RK; Traynor AE; Oyama Y; Barr WG N. Ref:: 28
----------------------------------------------------
[114]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Effects of
immunosuppressive drugs on dendritic cells and tolerance induction.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 May 15;75(9
Suppl):37S-42S.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000067950.90241.1D
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lagaraine C; Lebranchu Y
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - EA 3249, Cellules hematopoietiques,
hemostase et greffe, Laboratoire d’immunologie, Faculte de medecine, Tours, France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells, the most effective
antigen-presenting cells for priming naive T cells and initiating immune
responses, are also able to induce tolerance. This balance between immunity and
tolerance depends on the functional stage of dendritic cells (DC). Activation
of naive T cells by immature DC can induce tolerance. It is therefore of
interest to summarize the effects of immunosuppressive agents on DC maturation
and functions. In contrast to glucocorticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and
vitamin D(3) analogs, calcineurin inhibitors do not seem to inhibit DC
maturation in in vitro culture systems. However, these molecules all appear to
interfere with DC functions. N.
Ref:: 44
----------------------------------------------------
[115]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Nutritional
pharmacology in surgical patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Surg 2002 Apr;183(4):349-52.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Alexander JW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, University of
Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio
45267-2558, USA. jwesley.alexander@uc.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The use of pharmaconutrition for
supportive care of surgical patients is now well established, but the field is
still in its infancy. Complex pharmaconutrient formulas containing arginine,
glutamine, and n-3 fatty acids have been proven to shorten hospital stay,
decrease the incidence of infection, and reduce hospital costs in selected
groups of patients. The effects are greatest in those patients with severe
trauma including burn injury, those undergoing major surgical procedures,
especially when malnourished, and those who are critically ill ICU patients
including patients with existing infection. The complex interaction of
pharmaconutrients and other pharmacologic agents are just now beginning to be
investigated. N.
Ref:: 22
----------------------------------------------------
[116]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Administration of donor
apoptotic cells: an alternative cell-based therapy to induce tolerance?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 May 15;75(9
Suppl):43S-45S.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000067951.90241.54
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kleinclauss F; Perruche S; Cahn JY;
Tiberghien P; Saas P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - INSERM E0119/UPRES EA2284, Etablissement
Francais du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Universite de Franche-Comte,
Besancon, France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Apoptotic cells are endowed with
immunomodulatory properties. The authors propose infusing apoptotic cells as a
cell-based therapy product to facilitate allogeneic hematopoietic engraftment
after a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. Such an approach may be used to
obtain macrochimerism in combined hematopoietic cells and solid organ
transplantation. In this article, the authors describe the mechanisms of
combined hematopoietic and organ allograft transplantation and the potential
difficulties. The authors discuss how intravenous apoptotic cell infusion may
influence the outcome of combined transplantation. This may prove to be an
interesting approach for future development in cell therapy. N. Ref:: 29
----------------------------------------------------
[117]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Potential role of major
histocompatibility complex class II peptides in regulatory tolerance to
vascularized grafts.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S35-7.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106472.91343.8D
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - LeGuern C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Transplantation Biology Research Center,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA. leguern@helix.mgh.harvard.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The inactivation of persisting T
lymphocytes reactive to self- and non-self-antigens is a major arm of
operational immune tolerance in mammals. Silencing of such T cells proceeds
mostly by means of suppression, a process that is mediated by regulatory T-cell
subsets and especially by CD4(+)CD(25high) regulatory T cells (Treg). Although
Treg activation and ensuing suppressive activity appear to be major
histocompatibility complex class II dependent, the fine specificity of Treg
T-cell receptors has not yet been elucidated. Recent data from the author’s
laboratory on a class II gene therapy induction of tolerance to allogeneic
kidney grafts suggest that class II peptides are involved as generic signals
for Treg activation. A brief compilation of results that would support this
hypothesis is discussed in the present article. N. Ref:: 31
----------------------------------------------------
[118]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunosuppression and
xenotransplantation of cells for cardiac repair.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Feb;77(2):737-44.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.athoracsur.2003.08.036
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Xiao YF; Min JY; Morgan JP
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Stem Cell Research Laboratory, The Charles
A. Dana Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. yxiao@bidmc.harvard.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The death of highly vulnerable
cardiomyocytes during ischemia leads to cardiac dysfunction, including heart
failure. Due to limited proliferation of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, the
dead myocardium is replaced by noncontractile fibrotic tissue. Introducing exogenous
cells to participate in the regeneration of infarcted myocardium has thus been
proposed as a novel therapeutic approach. In view of the availability of
various xenogeneic cells and fewer ethical and political concerns that surround
human embryonic stem cells and fetal cardiomyocytes, cellular
xenotransplantation may be a potential alternative approach for cardiac repair
in humans. However, one of the most daunting challenges of xenotransplantation
is immunorejection. This article summarizes the progress in cellular
xenotransplantation for cardiac repair in experimental settings and the current
understanding of possible immune responses following the engraftment of
xenogeneic cells. The public attitude towards xenotransplantation is reportedly
more favorable to receiving cells or tissues than a whole organ, but many
scientific obstacles need to be overcome before the utilization of xenogeneic
cells for cardiac repair in patients with heart disease becomes applicable to
clinical practice. N.
Ref:: 82
----------------------------------------------------
[119]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Natural killer cell
receptors: new biology and insights into the graft-versus-leukemia effect.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2002 Sep 15;100(6):1935-47.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1182/blood-2002-02-0350
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Farag SS; Fehniger TA; Ruggeri L; Velardi
A; Caligiuri MA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Internal Medicine, Division
of Hematology/Oncology, The Ohio State University, A433A Starling Loving Hall,
320 W Tenth Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. farag-1@medctr.osu.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Natural killer (NK) cells have held great
promise for the immunotherapy of cancer for more than 3 decades. However, to
date only modest clinical success has been achieved manipulating the NK cell
compartment in patients with malignant disease. Progress in the field of NK
cell receptors has revolutionized our concept of how NK cells selectively
recognize and lyse tumor and virally infected cells while sparing normal cells.
Major families of cell surface receptors that inhibit and activate NK cells to
lyse target cells have been characterized, including killer cell
immunoglobulinlike receptors (KIRs), C-type lectins, and natural cytotoxicity
receptors (NCRs). Further, identification of NK receptor ligands and their
expression on normal and transformed cells completes the information needed to
begin development of rational clinical approaches to manipulating receptor/ligand
interactions for clinical benefit. Indeed, clinical data suggest that mismatch
of NK receptors and ligands during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may
be used to prevent leukemia relapse. Here, we review how NK cell receptors
control natural cytotoxicity and novel approaches to manipulating NK
receptor-ligand interactions for the potential benefit of patients with
cancer. N. Ref:: 134
----------------------------------------------------
[120]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Donor chimerism and stem
cell function in a murine congenic transplantation model after low-dose
radiation conditioning: effects of a retroviral-mediated gene transfer protocol
and implications for gene therapy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Exp Hematol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.medicinedirect.com/journal
●●
Cita: Experimental Hematology: <> 2002 Nov;30(11):1324-32.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Goebel WS; Yoder MC; Pech NK; Dinauer MC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric
Research and Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, James Whitcomb
Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Indianapolis, IN, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: We investigated low-dose
radiation conditioning for the transplantation of retrovirus-transduced cells
in a C57Bl6/J murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of low-dose
radiation on stem cell function was investigated using a competitive
repopulation assay. Stem cell function of marrow cells that underwent a
retroviral-mediated gene transfer (RMGT) protocol was examined by this assay,
and donor chimerism of these cells when transplanted into 160-cGy conditioned
syngeneic hosts was compared to fresh marrow. RESULTS: Irradiation with 300 or
160 cGy substantially decreased stem cell function as measured by competitive
repopulation. Animals conditioned with 160 cGy and transplanted with 20 x 10(6)
fresh marrow cells permitted donor cell engraftment of 53.6% +/- 11.4% 6 months
after transplant compared to 100% donor cell engraftment after 1100 cGy
irradiation. Lymphoid and myeloid engraftment did not significantly differ from
total engraftment in submyeloablated hosts. When transplanted into lethally
irradiated hosts, the competitive repopulating activity of marrow treated with
a single dose of 5-fluorouracil followed by ex vivo culture according to a
standard RMGT protocol was equal to 5-fluorouracil-only treated marrow.
However, cells treated with 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil plus ex vivo
culture for RMGT repopulated less well than fresh marrow cells in 160 cGy
conditioned hosts. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose irradiation decreases host stem cell
function, allowing engraftment of both fresh and RMGT protocol-treated marrow,
although the engraftment of 5-fluorouracil-treated cells was reduced at least
two-fold, and 5-fluorouracil plus RMGT protocol-treated cells at least
three-fold, compared to fresh marrow. Modification of current RMGT protocols may
be important for optimizing engraftment under these conditions.
----------------------------------------------------
[121]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - T-cell activation
through the antigen receptor. Part 2: role of signaling cascades in T-cell
differentiation, anergy, immune senescence, and development of immunotherapy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002
Jun;109(6):901-15.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nel AE; Slaughter N
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Clinical Immunology/Allergy,
Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles 90095-1680, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Part 2 of this review on cellular
activation by the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) will highlight how TCR
signaling pathways are adapted to achieve specific biologic outcomes, including
different states of T-cell differentiation and the induction of T-cell
tolerance. We will also explore how treatment with altered peptide ligands
affects TCR signaling to change T-cell differentiation or to induce an anergy
state. These changes are accomplished through alteration of protein tyrosine
kinase activity, the stoichiometry of phosphorylation of immunoreceptor
tyrosine-based activation motifs, intracellular free ionized calcium flux,
mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, and transcriptional activation of
key cytokine promoters. The CTLA-4 plays an important role in the induction and
maintenance of anergy. The second theme will highlight how altered TCR signal
transduction, including changes in the compartmentalization of signaling
components at the TCR synapse, contributes to decreased T-cell activation
during immune senescence. Finally, we will illustrate how the molecular details
of TCR activation can be used to modify the function of the immune system. This
includes a description of the mechanism of action of altered peptide ligands,
CTLA-4Ig, and pharmacologic inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases,
nuclear factor kappaB, and protein kinase C cascades. N. Ref:: 128
----------------------------------------------------
[122]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - HLA in coeliac disease:
unravelling the complex genetics of a complex disorder.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Tissue Antigens 2003 Feb;61(2):105-17.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Louka AS; Sollid LM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet,
University of Oslo, Norway.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Coeliac disease (gluten sensitive
enteropathy) is a common, polygenic and multifactorial disorder that serves as
a pioneering model for the study of inflammatory disease. A major environmental
factor is known (ingested gluten from wheat), and there is unprecedented
genetic and functional evidence pinpointing HLA-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 ( DQ2) and
DQA1*03-DQB1*0302 ( DQ8) in disease predisposition. We discuss the current
state of play in coeliac disease genetics, focussing particularly on the HLA
complex. Emerging evidence suggests that additional HLA risk loci exert weak
effects, independent of DQA1*05-DQB1*02, on the B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype. There is
also good evidence from linkage studies of disease gene(s) on chromosome 5q. We
discuss the role and implications of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype
blocks in complex disease gene mapping. We briefly address findings from
studies of animal models for chronic inflammatory disease, and consider roles
for both common genes associated with multiple inflammatory diseases, and genes
unique to coeliac disease. The coeliac genetics research community has
established a sound foundation for the identification of additional disease
genes in the not-too-distant future. Functional studies will play a critical
role, and coeliac disease has a promising future in this respect. Coeliac
disease continues to function as a model disorder, facilitating the development
and implementation of complex disease gene mapping strategies. N. Ref:: 59
----------------------------------------------------
[123]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Donor-specific
tolerance in fully major histocompatibility major histocompatibility
complex-mismatched limb allograft transplants under an anti-alphabeta T-cell
receptor monoclonal antibody and cyclosporine A protocol.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 Dec 27;76(12):1662-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000105343.49626.6F
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Siemionow MZ; Izycki DM; Zielinski M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland
Clinic Foundation, A60, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. siemiom@ccf.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Recent studies have
demonstrated that treatment with alphabeta-T-cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal
antibody and cyclosporine A (CsA) can extend survival in composite tissue
allografts (CTA). The purpose of this study was to induce tolerance in fully
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched rat limb allografts under 7
days of a combined alphabeta-TCR-CsA protocol. METHODS: The authors performed
30 hind-limb allotransplantations across the MHC barrier between Brown Norway
donors (BN; RT1n) and Lewis recipients (LEW; RT1l). Isograft and allograft
controls received no treatment. The experimental groups received monotherapy of
alphabeta-TCR and CsA or a combination of alphabeta-TCR and CsA for 7 days
only. Donor-specific tolerance and immunocompetence were determined by standard
skin grafting in vivo and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro. The
efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy and the level of donor-specific chimerism
were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Long-term survival (>350 days)
was achieved in allograft recipients (n=6) under the 7-day protocol of combined
alphabeta-TCR-CsA. Donor-specific tolerance and immunocompetence of long-term
chimeras were confirmed by acceptance of skin grafts from the donors and
rejection of the third-party alloantigens (AxC Irish). At day 120, MLR
demonstrated unresponsiveness to the host and donor antigens but strong
reactivity against third-party alloantigens. Flow cytometry confirmed the high
efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment and the development of donor-specific
chimerism (7.6% of CD4+-RT1n+ cells, 1.3% of CD8+-RT1n+ cells, and 16.5% of
CD45RA+-RT1n+ cells) in the periphery of tolerated recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Combined
therapy of alphabeta-TCR-CsA for 7 days resulted in tolerance induction in
fully MHC-mismatched rat hind-limb allografts. Tolerance was directly
associated with stable, donor-specific chimerism.
----------------------------------------------------
[124]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunomodulatory
effects of statins: mechanisms and potential impact on arteriosclerosis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Am Soc Nephrol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jasn.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: <> 2002
Jun;13(6):1673-81.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Palinski W; Tsimikas S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine 0682, University of
California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0682, USA. wpalinski@ucsd.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Clinical trials with statins have
demonstrated a marked reduction of cardiovascular mortality. However, it
remains controversial whether these clinical benefits stem from powerful
cholesterol-lowering effects of statins or whether they are due in part to
their cholesterol-independent effects on vascular function, plaque growth,
plaque rupture, or thrombosis. The identification of several mechanisms through
which statins decrease the recruitment of monocytes and T cells into the
arterial wall and inhibit T cell activation and proliferation in vitro have
prompted speculations that immunomodulatory effects of statins may be
beneficial in recipients of organ transplants. Hypercholesterolemia is frequent
in these patients, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in the arterial
walls of the graft may be compounded by chronic inflammation associated with
conventional atherogenesis. To assess the potential clinical relevance of
immunomodulatory effects of statins, the role of the immune system in
atherogenesis and the effects of statins in vitro in experimental models and in
clinical trials will be reviewed. It is concluded that despite solid in vitro
evidence, clinical evidence for an independent immunosuppressive effect of
statins in organ transplant patients is presently insufficient; however,
further investigation of their in vivo occurrence and clinical relevance is
warranted. N. Ref:: 106
----------------------------------------------------
[125]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Intravenous ribavirin
treatment for severe adenovirus disease in immunocompromised children.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Pediatrics 2002 Jul;110(1 Pt 1):e9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gavin PJ; Katz BZ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Infectious Diseases,
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Hospital and Northwestern
University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA. pgavin@childrensmemorial.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Adenovirus is an important
cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host. The incidence
of severe adenovirus disease in pediatrics is increasing in association with
growing numbers of immunocompromised children, where case fatality rates as
high as 50% to 80% have been reported. There are no approved antiviral agents
with proven efficacy for the treatment of severe adenovirus disease, nor are
there any prospective randomized, controlled trials of potentially useful
anti-adenovirus therapies. Apparent clinical success in the treatment of severe
adenovirus disease is limited to a few case reports and small series.
Experience is greatest with intravenous ribavirin and cidofovir. Ribavirin, a
guanosine analogue, has broad antiviral activity against both RNA and DNA
viruses, including documented activity against adenovirus in vitro. Ribavirin
is licensed in aerosol form for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus
infection, and orally in combination with interferon to treat hepatitis C.
Intravenous ribavirin is the treatment of choice for infection with hemorrhagic
fever viruses. The most common adverse effect of intravenous ribavirin is
reversible mild anemia. The use of cidofovir in severe adenovirus infection has
been limited by adverse effects, the most significant of which is
nephrotoxicity. OBJECTIVE: We report our experience with intravenous ribavirin
therapy for severe adenovirus disease in a series of immunocompromised children
and review the literature. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the
medical records of 5 children treated with intravenous ribavirin for documented
severe adenovirus disease. Two patients developed adenovirus hemorrhagic
cystitis after cardiac and bone marrow transplants, respectively. The bone
marrow transplant patient also received intravenous cidofovir for progressive
disseminated disease. An additional 3 children developed adenovirus pneumonia;
2 were neonates, 1 of whom had partial DiGeorge syndrome. The remaining infant
had recently undergone a cardiac transplant. Intravenous ribavirin was
administered on a compassionate-use protocol. RESULTS: Complete clinical recovery
followed later by viral clearance was observed in 2 children: the cardiac
transplant recipient with adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis and the
immunocompetent neonate with adenovirus pneumonia. The remaining 3 children
died of adenovirus disease. Intravenous ribavirin therapy was well tolerated.
Use of cidofovir in 1 child was associated with progressive renal failure and
neutropenia. DISCUSSION: Our series of patients is representative of the
spectrum of immunocompromised children at greatest risk for severe adenovirus
disease, namely solid-organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, neonates,
and children with immunodeficiency. Although intravenous ribavirin was not
effective for all children with severe adenovirus disease in this series or in
the literature, therapy is unlikely to be of benefit if begun late in the
course of the infection. Early identification, eg by polymerase chain reaction
of those patients at risk of disseminated adenovirus disease may permit earlier
antiviral treatment and better evaluation of therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS:
Two of 5 children with severe adenovirus disease treated with intravenous
ribavirin recovered. The availability of newer rapid diagnostic techniques,
such as polymerase chain reaction, may make earlier, more effective treatment
of adenovirus infection possible. Given the seriousness and increasing
prevalence of adenovirus disease in certain hosts, especially children, a
large, multicenter clinical trial of potentially useful anti-adenoviral
therapies, such as intravenous ribavirin, is clearly required to demonstrate
the most effective and least toxic therapy.
N. Ref:: 45
----------------------------------------------------
[126]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Memory T cells: a
hurdle to immunologic tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Am Soc Nephrol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jasn.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: <> 2003
Sep;14(9):2402-10.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lakkis FG; Sayegh MH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Section of Nephrology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8029, USA. fadi.lakkis@yale.edu N. Ref:: 112
----------------------------------------------------
[127]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The genetics of
autoimmune endocrine disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003 Jul;59(1):1-11.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Tait KF; Gough SC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Medical Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston and Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green
East, Birmingham, UK.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The common autoimmune endocrinopathies
result from an interaction between environmental factors and genetic
predisposition. Several chromosomal gene regions have been shown to contribute
to more than one disease, supporting the clinical observation that the
autoimmune endocrine diseases cluster within individuals and families. Genetic
studies have implicated the major histocompatability complex (MHC)-human
leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes on chromosome 6p21, although this chromosomal
region does not explain all of the genetic contribution to the various
disorders. Non-MHC-HLA genes, including disease-specific loci, are beginning to
be identified and the publication of the draft sequence of the human genome
will undoubtedly expediate future discoveries. Combined with the establishment
of large cohorts of subjects with disease and the development of technology
capable of performing high-throughput genotyping, genetic studies are likely to
impact on the future treatment and prevention of the common autoimmune
endocrine diseases. N.
Ref:: 107
----------------------------------------------------
[128]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Liposomal amphotericin
B in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2003
Apr;17(2):183-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Minodier P; Retornaz K; Horelt A; Garnier
JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Pediatric Emergency Unit, CHU Nord, Chemin
des Bourrelly, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, France. philippe.minodier@ap-hm.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The leishmaniases are protozoan diseases
caused by Leishmania parasites. The first-line treatment of its visceral forms
is pentavalent antimony (meglumine antimoniate or sodium stibogluconate), but
toxicity is frequent with this drug. Moreover antimony unresponsiveness is
increasing in Leishmania infantum and L. donovani foci, both in immunocompetent
and in immunosuppressed patients. Amphotericin B is a polyene macrolide
antibiotic that binds to sterols in cell membranes. It is the most active
antileishmanial agent in use. Its infusion-related and renal toxicity may be
reduced by lipid-based delivery. Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome); Gilead
Science, Paris, France) seems to be less toxic than other amphotericin B lipid
formulations (Amphocil); Liposome Technology Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA,
Amphotec); Ben Venue Laboratories Inc., Bedford, OH, USA). Optimal drug
regimens of AmBisome) vary from one geographical area to another. In the
Mediterranean Basin, a total dose of 18 mg/kg (3 mg/kg on days 1-5 and 3 mg/kg
on day 10) could be used as first-line treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in
immunocompetent patients. In immunocompromised patients, especially those
co-infected with HIV, relapses are frequent with AmBisome), as with other drugs.
N. Ref:: 55
----------------------------------------------------
[129]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Vascular disease in
mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD).
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Intern Med 2001 Dec;40(12):1176.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kondo H
N. Ref:: 13
----------------------------------------------------
[130]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prevention of
transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease by inactivation of T cells in
platelet components.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Semin Hematol 2001 Oct;38(4 Suppl
11):34-45.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Luban NL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Laboratory Medicine and
Pathology and the Transfusion Medicine/Donor Center, Children’s National
Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Patients with hematological malignancies
and infants with congenital immunodeficiencies who received blood are two of
many populations at risk for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
(TA-GVHD). Of the methodologies (eg, photoinactivation, peglyation, ultraviolet
light, and irradiation) that can be used to prevent TA-GVHD, only irradiation
of whole blood and cellular components is currently accepted practice of the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Among the newer methods that have been
developed to reduce the risks of bacterial and viral contaminants of platelet
transfusions, photochemical treatment (PCT) using psoralens and long-wavelength
ultraviolet (UVA) irradiation modifies bacterial and viral genomes sufficiently
to inhibit replication. Among a broad group of compounds, the synthetic
psoralen compound amotosalen hydrochloride (HCl) (S-59) has been shown to be
particularly effective in inactivating bacteria and viruses, without adversely
affecting in vitro and in vivo platelet function. N. Ref:: 92
----------------------------------------------------
[131]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Hepatosplenic
gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma in immunocompromised patients. Report of two cases
and review of literature.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Clin Pathol 2001 Jul;116(1):41-50.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Khan WA; Yu L; Eisenbrey AB; Crisan D; al
Saadi A; Davis BH; Hankin RC; Mattson JC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Clinical Pathology Department, William
Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - We describe 2 male patients in whom
hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) developed 6 and 10 years after
renal transplantation. The onset was abrupt with systemic symptoms, cytopenia,
and hepatosplenomegaly. The histologic examination of the spleen (case 1),
liver, and bone marrow revealed sinusoidal infiltrates of markedly abnormal
lymphocytes. The neoplastic cells in these cases were CD2+, CD3+, CD4-, CD5-,
CD7+, CD8+, CD16+, CD56+, beta F1-negative, and TIA-1-negative. Both cases
displayed clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) delta gene and the
TCR beta gene. The spleen in case 1 was positive for Epstein-Barr virus genome
and showed TCR-gamma gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction.
Isochromosome 7 [i(7)(q10)] was found in each case. Both patients died within 4
months of diagnosis. HSTL has been reported in only 5 renal transplant
recipients. HSTL may be relatively more frequent in immunocompromised patients
compared with the general population. N.
Ref:: 35
----------------------------------------------------
[132]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Human
plasmacytoid-derived dendritic cells and the induction of T-regulatory cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Hum Immunol 2002 Dec;63(12):1149-55.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gilliet M; Liu YJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto,
California, USA. m.gilliet@usz.ch
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Suppression by T-regulatory (Tr) cells is
essential for the induction of T-cell tolerance and the prevention of
autoimmune diseases, organ rejection, and graft-versus-host disease. Increasing
attention has been devoted to understand the role of dendritic cells (DC) in
the control of Tr-cell differentiation. Here we review the recent evidence that
cluster designation (CD)40-ligand activated plasmacytoid-derived DCs (DC2) have
the ability to induce primary Tr-cell differentiation. We propose that in
addition to the regulatory functions of immature myeloid DC, Tr-cell induction
by DC2 represents a nonredundant mechanism for the safeguard of peripheral
T-cell tolerance. DC2 can be used as tool to drive potent antigen specific
Tr-cell differentiation and expansion in vitro and in vivo. N. Ref:: 51
----------------------------------------------------
[133]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Unrelated donor
hematopoietic cell transplantation: marrow or umbilical cord blood?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2003 Jun 1;101(11):4233-44. Epub 2003 Jan 9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1182/blood-2002-08-2510
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Grewal SS; Barker JN; Davies SM; Wagner JE
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St
SE, MMC 477, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. grewa002@umn.edu N. Ref:: 165
----------------------------------------------------
[134]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Vascular thrombosis and
acute cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients: report of 2 cases
and literature review.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Infect Dis 2003 Jun 1;36(11):E134-9.
Epub 2003 May 19.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Abgueguen P; Delbos V; Chennebault JM;
Payan C; Pichard E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre
Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France. piabgueguen@chu-angers.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in
immunocompetent patients is common worldwide, with seroprevalence rates of
40%-100%, depending on the country, socioeconomic conditions, and the patient’s
age. Infection is most often asymptomatic, but acute cytomegalovirus infection
is occasionally revealed by prolonged fever, cervical lymphadenitis, and
arthralgia, and it is more rarely revealed by pneumonia, myocarditis,
pericarditis, colitis, and hemolytic anemia. Here, we report 2 cases of acute
CMV infection in nonimmunocompromised adults that were complicated by venous
thrombosis with pulmonary embolism. We also review previously reported cases of
vascular thrombosis and discuss the propensity of CMV to induce vascular damage
with associated thrombosis. N.
Ref:: 55
----------------------------------------------------
[135]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - DNA methylation and
expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II
transactivator genes in human developmental tumor cells and in T cell
malignancies.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Immunol 2003 Oct;109(1):46-52.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van den Elsen PJ; Holling TM; van der
Stoep N; Boss JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Molecular Biology, Department
of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands. pjvdelsen@lumc.nl
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class I and class II molecules play essential roles in the immune response by
virtue of their ability to present peptides to T lymphocytes. Given their
central role in adaptive immunity, the genes encoding these peptide-presenting
molecules are regulated in a tight fashion to meet with local requirements for
an adequate immune response. In contrast to MHC class I gene products, which
are expressed on almost all nucleated cells, constitutive expression of MHC
class II molecules is found in specialized antigen presenting cells of the
immune system only. Transcription of both MHC class I and class II genes can be
induced by immune regulators and upon cell activation. Transcription of MHC
class I genes is mediated by a set of conserved cis acting regulatory elements
in their promoters. Of these regulatory elements, MHC class II promoters share
the SXY-module. Essential for activation of MHC class II promoters is the class
II transactivator (CIITA), which acts through protein/protein interactions with
regulatory factors bound to the SXY module. In this review, we discuss the role
of DNA methylation in relation to altered expression of MHC class I and CIITA
genes as observed in malignancies and in development. N. Ref:: 68
----------------------------------------------------
[136]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pulmonary infiltrates
in the non-HIV-infected immunocompromised patient: etiologies, diagnostic
strategies, and outcomes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Chest. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.chestjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Chest: <> 2004 Jan;125(1):260-71.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Shorr AF; Susla GM; O’Grady NP
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA. afshorr@dnamail.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Pulmonary complications remain a major
cause of both morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. When such
individuals present with radiographic infiltrates, the clinician faces a
diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis in this setting is broad and
includes both infectious and noninfectious processes. Rarely are the
radiographic findings classic for one disease, and most potential etiologies
have overlapping clinical and radiographic appearances. In recent years,
several themes have emerged in the literature on this topic. First, an
aggressive approach to identifying a specific etiology is necessary; as a
corollary, diagnostic delay increases the risk for mortality. Second, the
evaluation of these infiltrates nearly always entails bronchoscopy.
Bronchoscopy allows identification of some etiologies with certainty, and often
allows for the exclusion of infectious agents even if the procedure is
otherwise unrevealing. Third, early use of CT scanning regularly demonstrates
lesions missed by plain radiography. Despite these advances, initial
therapeutic interventions include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and
other anti-infectives in order to ensure that the patients is receiving
appropriate therapy. With the results of invasive testing, these treatments are
then narrowed. Frustratingly, outcomes for immunocompromised patients with
infiltrates remain poor. N.
Ref:: 58
----------------------------------------------------
[137]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Accessory proteins that
control the assembly of MHC molecules with peptides.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunol Res 2001;23(2-3):205-14.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Van Kaer L
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0295, USA. luc.vankaer@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The stable assembly of Major
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules with peptides is controlled by a
number of cofactors, including proteins with general housekeeping functions and
proteins with dedicated functions in MHC assembly. Recent work in my laboratory
has focused on two chaperones, tapasin (tpn) and DM, that play critical roles
in the loading of peptides onto MHC class I and MHC class II molecules,
respectively. Tapasin is a transmembrane protein that tethers empty class I
molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum to the transporter associated with
antigen processing. DM is a peptide exchange factor that binds with empty and
peptide-loaded class II molecules in endosomal and lysosomal compartments. Although
a number of different functions for tapasin and DM have been proposed, emerging
evidence suggests that both of these chaperones retain unstable MHC molecules
in peptide-loading compartments until they bind with high-affinity peptides.
These cofactors therefore promote the surface expression of long-lived
MHC-peptide complexes. N.
Ref:: 39
----------------------------------------------------
[138]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunologic and genetic
factors in type 1 diabetes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Biol Chem. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jbc.org/
●●
Cita: J. of Biological Chemistry: <> 2002 Nov 15;277(46):43545-8. Epub
2002 Sep 20.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.R200012200
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Notkins AL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Experimental Medicine Section, Oral
Infection and Immunity Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892-4322, USA. anotkins@mail.nih.gov N. Ref:: 28
----------------------------------------------------
[139]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Composite tissue
allotransplantation in chimeric hosts part II. A clinically relevant protocol
to induce tolerance in a rat model.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 Dec
15;76(11):1548-55.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000085288.12571.65
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Prabhune KA; Gorantla VS; Perez-Abadia G;
Francois CG; Vossen M; Laurentin-Perez LA; Breidenbach WC; Wang GG; Anderson
GL; Pidwell DJ; Barker JH; Maldonado C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: We and others have shown that
mixed allogeneic chimerism induces donor-specific tolerance to composite tissue
allografts across major histocompatibility complex barriers without the need
for immunosuppression. However, a delay period between bone marrow
transplantation and limb allotransplantation is required, making such protocols
impractical for clinical application. This study eliminates this delay period
in a rat hind limb allotransplantation model by performing mixed allogeneic
chimerism induction and transplantation “simultaneously.” METHODS: Group 1
included controls in which naive Wistar Furth (WF) hosts received ACI hind
limbs. Group 2 included (ACI-->WF) chimeras that received limbs from
third-party donors (Fisher), and group 3 included chimeras that received
irradiated (1,050 cGy) ACI limbs. In group 4, WF hosts conditioned with 950 cGy
received irradiated (1,050 cGy) ACI limbs followed by infusion of 100 x 10(6)
ACI T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells and immunotherapy (tacrolimus and
mycophenolate mofetil) for 28 days. Group 5 animals received the same treatment
as group 4 animals without immunotherapy. RESULTS: The rats in groups 1 and 2
rejected their limbs within 10 days. Only one rat in group 4 survived to the
end of the study. Groups 3 and 5 demonstrated long-term limb survival without
rejection or graft-versus-host disease. High levels of donor chimerism
(>80%) were achieved and maintained throughout the study. Mixed lymphocyte
reaction assays in both groups revealed donor-specific hyporesponsiveness with
vigorous third-party reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that
infusion of donor bone marrow cells into conditioned hosts immediately after limb
transplantation results in stable mixed chimerism, robust tolerance, and
reliable limb allograft survival.
----------------------------------------------------
[140]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The immune tolerance
network and rheumatic disease: immune tolerance comes to the clinic.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2001 Aug;44(8):1730-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Diamond B; Bluestone J; Wofsy D
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Medicine, Bronx, New York
10461, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The development of effective, new,
biologically based therapies for RA has created real excitement and justifiable
optimism in recent years among rheumatologists and among patients with
rheumatic diseases. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of
immune activation and immune tolerance provide further cause for optimism.
Against this background, the establishment of the ITN is an important step.
However, significant hurdles remain to be cleared. First, despite dramatic
scientific progress, restoration of immune tolerance in the face of an
established autoimmune response is still an elusive goal, even in the
laboratory. Not only does the ITN face this fundamental scientific challenge,
but it also faces daunting practical and political challenges. For example, can
the ITN influence the research agenda of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries? This question and other important questions will only be answered
as the ITN matures. Autoimmune disease, although individually uncommon, affects
more than 2% of Americans. The rheumatologist is especially aware of the
devastating potential of autoimmune diseases. If the ITN succeeds in linking
basic research into the mechanisms of autoimmunity with clinical trials of
promising new therapies, it can be expected to play a critical role in
advancing the practice of clinical rheumatology. N. Ref:: 58
----------------------------------------------------
[141]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Metabolic and autocrine
regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin by pancreatic beta-cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Diabetes. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Diabetes: <> 2002 Oct;51(10):2877-85.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - McDaniel ML; Marshall CA; Pappan KL; Kwon
G
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology and Immunology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. mcdaniel@pathology.wustl.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a
serine and threonine protein kinase that regulates numerous cellular functions,
in particular, the initiation of protein translation. mTOR-mediated
phosphorylation of both the translational repressor eukaryotic initiation
factor 4E binding protein-1 and p70 S6 kinase are early events that control the
translation initiation process. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, is a potent
immunosuppressant due, in part, to its ability to interfere with T-cell
activation at the level of translation, and it has gained a prominent role in
preventing the development and progression of rejection in pancreatic islet
transplant recipients. The characterization of the insulin signaling cascade
that modulates mTOR in insulin-sensitive tissues has been a major focus of
investigation. Recently, the ability of nutrients, in particular the
branched-chain amino acid leucine, to activate mTOR independent of insulin by a
process designated as nutrient signaling has been identified. The beta-cell
expresses components of the insulin signaling cascade and utilizes the
metabolism of nutrients to affect insulin secretion. These combined
transduction processes make the beta-cell an unique cell to study metabolic and
autocrine regulation of mTOR signaling. Our studies have described the ability
of insulin and IGFs in concert with the nutrients leucine, glutamine, and
glucose to modulate protein translation through mTOR in beta-cells. These
findings suggest that mitochondria-derived factors, ATP in particular, may be
responsible for nutrient signaling. The significance of these findings is that
the optimization of mitochondrial function is not only important for insulin
secretion but may significantly impact the growth and proliferation of
beta-cells through these mTOR signaling pathways. N. Ref:: 51
----------------------------------------------------
[142]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The Tubingen approach:
identification, selection, and validation of tumor-associated HLA peptides for
cancer therapy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cancer Immunol Immunother 2004
Mar;53(3):187-95. Epub 2004 Jan 31.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00262-003-0480-x
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Singh-Jasuja H; Emmerich NP; Rammensee HG
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunology, Institute for
Cell Biology, University of Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tubingen,
Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - There is substantial need for molecularly
defined tumor antigens to prime cytotoxic T cells in vivo for cancer
immunotherapy, especially in the case of tumor entities for which only a few
tumor antigens have been defined so far. In this review, we present the
“Tubingen approach” to identify, select, and validate large numbers of MHC/HLA
class I-associated peptides derived from tumor-associated antigens. Step 1 is
the identification of naturally presented HLA-associated peptides directly from
primary tumor cells. Step 2 is selection of tumor-associated peptides from step
1 by differential gene expression analysis and data mining. Step 3 is validation
of selected candidates by monitoring in vivo T-cell responses in the context of
patient-individualized immunizations. Our approach combines methods from
genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and T-cell immunology. The aim is to
develop effective immunotherapeutics consisting of multiple tumor-associated
epitopes in order to induce a broad and specific immune response against cancer
cells. N. Ref:: 67
----------------------------------------------------
[143]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Choosing treatment for
proliferative lupus nephritis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2002 Aug;46(8):1981-3.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/art.10466
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Balow JE
N. Ref:: 31
----------------------------------------------------
[144]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Peptide register
shifting within the MHC groove: theory becomes reality.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mol Immunol 2004 Feb;40(14-15):1033-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.molimm.2003.11.016
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bankovich AJ; Girvin AT; Moesta AK; Garcia
KC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology &
Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild D319, Stanford,
CA 94305-5124, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Degeneracy in immune recognition is
usually thought of in terms of the astonishing ability of the T cell receptor
to recognize an enormously diverse array of peptides bound to major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. However, in this essay we discuss
an alternative aspect of degeneracy in T cell recognition: the notion that
peptides can assume different “registers” in the groove of a single MHC
molecule, as first suggested and demonstrated by Sercarz and co-workers
(reviewed in [J. autoimmun. 16 (2001) 201]). There is now abundant evidence,
derived from functional, biochemical and structural studies, that single
peptides can assume alternative, unpredictable binding registers by
frameshifting within the MHC groove [Nat. Immunol. 3 (2002) 175;; J. Exp. Med.
187 (1998) 1505; J. Mol. Biol. 304 (2000) 177; Biochemistry 38 (1999) 16663; J.
Exp. Med. 197 (2003) 1391; Eur. J. Immunol. 19 (1989) 681]. Hence, register
shifting adds an additional dimension to the concept of degeneracy. In fact,
the possibility of register shifting multiplies the universe of peptide-MHC
(pMHC) surfaces that a TCR must recognize by an unknown, perhaps enormous
factor. Register shifting also has profound implication for autoimmunity: (1)
as a mechanism to “mask” autoantigenic epitopes during thymic education
[Immunol. Rev. 169 (1999) 147; Immunity 17 (2002) 83]; and (2) as a possible
source for pMHC complexes capable of molecular mimicry. N. Ref:: 45
----------------------------------------------------
[145]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Review of the
antiproliferative properties of mycophenolate mofetil in non-immune cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003
Oct;41(10):465-9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Morath C; Zeier M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Nephrology, University of
Heidelberg, Germany. christian_morath@med.uni-heidelberg.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), the prodrug
ofmycophenolic acid (MPA), is a selective, non-competitive and reversible
inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and of the type II
isoform in particular. IMPDH is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis
of guanosine nucleotides. MMF strongly inhibits both T- and B lymphocyte
proliferation and has been used in the prevention of acute and chronic
allograft rejection since the mid 1990s. Recent evidence, however, suggests
that MMF is also capable of inhibiting the proliferation of non-immune cells.
In various cell lines, i.e. smooth muscle cells, renal tubular cells and
mesangial cells, MPA reduced or even abrogated proliferation in response to
proliferative stimuli. Furthermore, data from our own laboratory demonstrate a
dose-dependent inhibition of dermal fibroblast proliferation by MPA. In animal
studies, MMF ameliorated renal lesions in immune-mediated disease, i.e. in the
anti-thy 1.1 model and experimental lupus nephritis, but was also effective in
non-immune-mediated renal damage in the rat remnant-kidney model. These
observations prompted several investigators to study the effects of MMF in
proliferating (renal) disease of non-immune origin in humans. MMF significantly
reduced proteinuria in minimal-change disease and focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis. In addition, MMF showed beneficial effects in the treatment
of chronic allograft nephropathy and calcineurin inhibitor toxicity through
reduction of immune- and non-immune-mediated renal damage. MMF is well
tolerated and has proven to be a relatively safe drug causing only minor bone
marrow suppression. Taken together, there is a growing body of evidence
pointing to therapeutic applications of MMF other than immunosuppression, in
particular the prevention of fibrosis. N.
Ref:: 39
----------------------------------------------------
[146]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Role of immunocompetent
cells in nonimmune renal diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Kidney Int 2001 May;59(5):1626-40.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Rodriguez-Iturbe B; Pons H; Herrera-Acosta
J; Johnson RJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Renal Service Hospital Universitario de
Maracaibo, Venezuela. bri@iamnet.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Renal infiltration with macrophages and
monocytes is a well-recognized feature of not only immune, but also nonimmune
kidney disease. This review focuses on the investigations that have shown
accumulation of immunocompetent cells in experimental models of acute and
chronic ischemia, protein overload, hypercholesterolemia, renal ablation,
obstructive uropathy, polycystic kidney disease, diabetes, aging, murine
hypertension, and nephrotoxicity. We examine the mechanisms of infiltration of
immunocompetent cells and their participation in the self-perpetuating cycle of
activation of the angiotensin system, generation of reactive oxygen species,
and further recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes. We also discuss the
possibility of antigen-dependent and antigen-independent mechanisms of immune
cell activation in these animal models. Finally, we review the recent studies
in which suppression of cellular immunity with mycophenolate mofetil has proven
beneficial in attenuating or preventing the progression of renal functional and
histologic damage in experimental conditions of nonimmune nature. N. Ref:: 219
----------------------------------------------------
[147]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - HLA class II tetramers:
tools for direct analysis of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2002 Jan;46(1):5-12.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nepom GT; Buckner JH; Novak EJ;
Reichstetter S; Reijonen H; Gebe J; Wang R; Swanson E; Kwok WW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Virginia Mason Research Center and
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98101-2795, USA. nepom@vmresearch.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Immunotherapies for human autoimmune and
immune-mediated diseases are proliferating rapidly, and with these changes
comes the opportunity to monitor patients for immune responses to therapy based
on early surrogate markers for clinical responses. Class II tetramers have the
potential to serve as these sorts of markers for immune monitoring, and thereby
assist with patient management, therapy selection, and improved outcomes.
However, important issues of TCR avidity require resolution, because much is
still unknown regarding location, quantitation, and characterization of the
human T cell response. Opportunities for application of tetramer technologies in
the near future will enable both clinical progress and the development of new
insights into human CD4+ T cell biology in vivo. N. Ref:: 39
----------------------------------------------------
[148]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Alternative concepts of
suicide gene therapy for graft-versus-host disease after adoptive
immunotherapy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Acta Haematol 2003;110(2-3):132-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000072462
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kramm CM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pediatric Hematology,
Oncology, and Immunology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. kramm@uni-duesseldorf.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - T-cell suicide gene therapy represents a
promising novel treatment strategy for graft-versus-host disease following
adoptive immunotherapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation. The clinical efficiency of this approach is still hampered by
several obstacles including induction of alloresponses due to the use of
immunogenic suicide and selection genes, genetic inactivation of suicide genes,
and functional immunological impairment after retroviral transduction with
extensive in vitro stimulation. New concepts as possible solutions to these
limitations are discussed. N.
Ref:: 36
----------------------------------------------------
[149]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Not such a dismal
science: the economics of protein synthesis, folding, degradation and antigen
processing.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Trends Cell Biol 2001 Jul;11(7):294-7.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Yewdell JW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of
Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease,
20892-0440, Bethesda, MD, USA. jyewdell@nih.gov
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - There is a pronounced tendency among cell
biologists to focus on qualitative aspects of cell physiology. The remarkable
accomplishments of evolution in creating cells can only be fully appreciated,
however, by combining this qualitative analysis with a quantitative assessment
of cellular constituents and processes. Here, I consider the overall protein
economy of cells as it relates to recent advances in understanding protein
folding, ubiquitin-targeted proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins and the
generation of peptide ligands for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class
I molecules. N.
Ref:: 29
----------------------------------------------------
[150]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells and
second signal blockade: a step toward allograft tolerance?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2002 Jan 15;73(1
Suppl):S1-2.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Rifle G; Mousson C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Nephrology-Intensive
Care-Transplantation and UPRES EA563, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Bourgogne, Dijon, France. gerard.rifle@chu-dijon.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The ultimate goal of clinical organ
transplantation is to induce immunological tolerance to the allograft.
Dendritic cells, the main antigen-presenting cells, are a complex system
including numerous subsets, capable of inducing T-cell activation, and thus
initiating an immune response, but also of inducing tolerance. In organ
transplantation, the problem is even more complex because of the coexistence of
dendritic cells from the donor, responsible for direct recognition of foreign
antigens by T cells, and dendritic cells from the recipient, responsible for
indirect antigen presentation to host T cells. Among the various methods of
immunomanipulation aiming at inducing tolerance, blockade of the second signal
pathway by monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD28, anti-B7, anti CD40, anti-CD40L,
CTLA4-Ig) has yielded promising but incomplete results. Viral transfection of
recipient immature dendritic cells encoding for immunosuppressive or apoptotic
molecules, such as interleukin 10, transforming growth factor-beta, CTLA4-Ig,
or Fas ligand, is also able to induce hyporesponsiveness. Another very
promising method consists of associating donor cells (bone marrow cells, CD34+
cells, dendritic cells) and polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD4,
anti-CD40L, CTLA4-Ig) to induce microchimerism and partial tolerance.
Reflecting on these data would seem to be an interesting direction for future
prospects. N. Ref:: 24
----------------------------------------------------
[151]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Efficacy of
pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in immunocompetent adults: a meta-analysis
of randomized trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Vaccine 2001 Sep 14;19(32):4780-90.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cornu C; Yzebe D; Leophonte P; Gaillat J;
Boissel JP; Cucherat M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Service of Clinical Pharmacology, EA643,
Lyon University Hospital, Faculte de Medicine RTH Laennec, BP 8071, 69376,
Cedex 08, Lyon, France. catherine.cornu@upcl.univ-lyon1.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The use of pneumococcal polysaccharide
vaccine (PPV) is low in some countries, maybe because of doubts regarding its
efficacy. This meta-analysis aims at combining evidence from randomized trials
of PPV assessing its efficacy in preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae related diseases
in immunocompetent adults. In the fourteen trials totalling 48,837 patients
retrieved, PPV prevents definite pneumococcal pneumonia by 71%, presumptive
pneumococcal pneumonia by 40%, and mortality due to pneumonia by 32%, but not
all-cause pneumonia or death. No preventive effect was seen in the subgroup of
patients aged 55 years or more, possibly due to a lack of statistical power.
----------------------------------------------------
[152]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Mechanisms of tolerance
induction through the transplantation of donor hematopoietic stem cells:
central versus peripheral tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 May 15;75(9
Suppl):21S-25S.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000067947.90241.66
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Wekerle T; Blaha P; Koporc Z; Bigenzahn S;
Pusch M; Muehlbacher F
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Vienna General
Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18, A 1090 Vienna, Austria. thomas.wekerle@akh-wien.ac.at
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The transplantation of donor hematopoietic
stem cells has been used successfully in numerous experimental settings to
induce donor-specific tolerance. After appropriate host conditioning,
hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation leads to a lasting state of donor
macrochimerism that is associated with a robust form of tolerance. One of the
key factors in the success of this approach is its reliance on intrathymic
clonal deletion to ensure lifelong tolerization of newly developing T cells.
Evidence for ongoing central deletion comes from studies following
superantigen-reactive T cells and from experiments using mice transgenic for an
alloreactive T-cell receptor. In protocols inducing tolerance through
macrochimerism, the preexisting mature T-cell repertoire is controlled by
either globally destroying all T cells before the hematopoietic cell
transplantation or, in more recent models, by tolerizing it through
co-stimulation blockade. The peripheral mechanisms induced by hematopoietic
stem-cell transplantation and co-stimulation blockade include both extrathymic
clonal deletion and the nondeletional mechanisms anergy, suppression, or both.
In addition to these immunologic hurdles, a physiologic engraftment barrier has
to be surmounted for the successful induction of mixed chimerism. This can be
achieved by cytoreductive host treatment or by the infusion of high numbers of
donor hematopoietic cells. A detailed delineation of the mechanisms responsible
for tolerance induction after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is
expected to help in the translation of these experimental protocols to clinical
organ transplantation. N.
Ref:: 31
----------------------------------------------------
[153]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Introduction to the
Immunocompromised Host Society consensus conference on epidemiology, prevention,
diagnosis, and management of infections in solid-organ transplant patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Infect Dis 2001 Jul 1;33 Suppl
1:S1-4.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Rubin RH; Schaffner A; Speich R
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Center for Experimental Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology,
Cambridge, MA 02142-1308, USA. rhrubin@mit.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Infectious complications are still a
significant cause of morbidity and death in solid-organ transplant patients,
with significant infection being found in up to two-thirds of these
individuals. The risk of infection in the organ transplant patient,
particularly of opportunistic infection, is largely determined by 3 factors:
the net state of immunosuppression, the epidemiologic exposures the patient
encounters, and the consequences of the invasive procedures to which the
patient is subjected. The most important principles of patient treatment are
prevention, early diagnosis, and specific therapy. This issue is designed as a
position paper by a group of experts on epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis,
and management of infections in solid-organ transplant patients. We feel that
our efforts may serve as an important first step in the development of
guidelines in this area. N.
Ref:: 25
----------------------------------------------------
[154]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The value of pulse
cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated vasculitis: meta-analysis and critical
review.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nephrol Dial Transplant. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ndt.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: <> 2001 Oct;16(10):2018-27.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - de Groot K; Adu D; Savage CO
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Nephrology, Medical School
Hannover, Germany. kirsten@de-grot.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: The study aimed at studying
efficacy and adverse effects of pulse cyclophosphamide (pCyc) treatment and to
compare it to continuous cyclophosphamide (cCyc) for induction of remission in
ANCA-associated vasculitides from data in the published literature. METHODS: A
Medline search identified 14 studies, containing more than five patients. From
the 11 non-randomized studies, data on outcome following pCyc treatment were
extracted. Results were given as fraction of the number of evaluable patients.
A meta-analysis was performed on the three prospective, randomized controlled
trials to compare outcomes concerning remission, relapses, infection,
leucopenia, death and renal failure in patients treated with pCyc as opposed to
cCyc. RESULTS: The 11 non-randomized studies comprised 202 patients receiving
pCyc. Cyc pulses of 375-1000 mg/sqm/pulse were applied at weekly to monthly
intervals with different concomitant prednisolone regimens and variable
adjunctive therapy. Complete remission was achieved in 112/191, partial
remission in 23/191 evaluable patients. Relapses occurred in 68/135 patients,
40/115 patients were non-responders. Leucopenia, infections, haemorrhagic
cystitis, and deaths were rare. The meta-analysis, comprising 143 patients,
showed that pCyc compared with cCyc treatment was significantly less likely to
fail to induce remission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12-0.73) and had a significantly
lower risk of infection (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.23-0.89) and leucopenia (OR 0.36;
95% CI 0.17-0.78). Relapses occurred slightly, although not statistically
significantly, more often under pCyc treatment (OR 1.79; 95% CI 0.85-3.75).
There were no differences in end-stage renal failure or deaths between the two
regimens. CONCLUSIONS: The currently available, rather sparse data show that
pCyc is less toxic than cCyc therapy and is an at least equally potent inductor
of remission, but possibly at the expense of a higher relapse rate. The
existing data do not give sufficient information on outcomes as time to
remission and relapse, irreversible damage or quality of life without which a
treatment regimen cannot satisfactorily be evaluated today. A large prospective
randomized controlled trial is needed to address these issues and their
relative importance.
----------------------------------------------------
[155]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immune tolerance
induction in patients with haemophilia A with inhibitors: a systematic review.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Haemophilia 2003 Jul;9(4):436-63.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Wight J; Paisley S; Knight C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - ScHARR, University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK. j.p.wight@sheffield.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - In some patients with haemophilia A,
therapeutically administered factor VIII (FVIII) comes to stimulate the
production of antibodies (inhibitors) which react with FVIII to render it
ineffective. As a result, FVIII cannot be used prophylactically and patients
become liable to recurrent bleeds. There are two elements to the management of
patients with inhibitors: the treatment of bleeding episodes, and attempts to
abolish inhibitor production through the induction of immune tolerance. This
paper reports a systematic review of the best available evidence of clinical
effectiveness in relation to immune tolerance induction (ITI) in patients with
haemophilia A with inhibitors. Owing to the lack of randomized controlled
trials on this topic, broad inclusion criteria with regard to study design were
applied in order to assess the best available evidence for each intervention.
As a result of the clinical and methodological heterogeneity of the evidence,
it was not appropriate to pool data across studies; instead, data were
synthesized using tabulation and qualitative narrative assessment. The
International Registry provides the most reliable estimate of the proportion of
successful cases of ITI [48.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 42.6-52.7%]. The
duration of effect is unclear, but relapses appear to be infrequent. The
International Registry shows a rate of relapse of 15% at 15 years. The
comparative effectiveness of different protocols is uncertain, as no trials
have been undertaken which compare them directly. However, the evidence
suggests that the Bonn protocol may be more effective than the Malmo or
low-dose protocols. There is no good evidence that immunosuppressive drug
regimens are effective. N.
Ref:: 54
----------------------------------------------------
[156]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Low recurrence rate of hepatocellular
carcinoma after liver transplantation: better patient selection or lower
immunosuppression?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2002 Dec 27;74(12):1664-5.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000039802.85634.9C
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Weber M; Kadry Z; Clavien PA N. Ref:: 11
----------------------------------------------------
[157]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interfacing dendritic
and natural killer cells: a tool for targeted tolerance induction?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 Dec
27;76(12):1657-61.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106804.22930.CB
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Homann D; von Herrath MG
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Barbara Davis Center for Childhood
Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA. N. Ref:: 68
----------------------------------------------------
[158]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Elucidating TOR
signaling and rapamycin action: lessons from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. - Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://mmbr.asm.org/
●●
Cita: Microbiology & Molecular Biology Reviews: <> 2002
Dec;66(4):579-91, table of contents.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Crespo JL; Hall MN
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Biochemistry, Biozentrum,
University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - TOR (target of rapamycin) is a
phosphatidylinositol kinase-related protein kinase that controls cell growth in
response to nutrients. Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive and anticancer drug
that acts by inhibiting TOR. The modes of action of TOR and rapamycin are
remarkably conserved from S. cerevisiae to humans. The current understanding of
TOR and rapamycin is derived largely from studies with S. cerevisiae. In this
review, we discuss the contributions made by S. cerevisiae to understanding
rapamycin action and TOR function. N.
Ref:: 171
----------------------------------------------------
[159]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Induction of anergic
and regulatory T cells by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and other dendritic cell
subsets.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Hum Immunol 2002 Dec;63(12):1156-63.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kuwana M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute for Advanced Medical Research,
Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. kuwanam@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The induction of antigen-specific
tolerance is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing
autoimmunity. Because the central tolerance that eliminates potentially harmful
autoreactive T cells is incomplete, peripheral mechanisms for suppressing
self-reactive T cells play an important role. Dendritic cells (DCs) are
professional antigen-presenting cells, which have an extraordinary capacity to
stimulate naive T cells and initiate primary immune responses. Recent
accumulating evidence indicates that several subsets of human DCs also play a critical
role in the induction of peripheral tolerance by anergizing effector CD4(+) and
CD8(+) T cells or by inducing the differentiation of naive T cells into
T-regulatory cells, which produce interleukin (IL)-10. Human DC subsets with
the property of suppressing an antigen-specific T-cell response include
plasmacytoid DCs, which are either in an immature state or in a mature state
induced by CD40 ligand stimulation, and monocyte-derived DCs, which are either
in an immature state or have had their state modulated by treatment with IL-10
or CD8(+)CD28(-) T cells. These “tolerogenic” DCs may be relevant to
therapeutic applications for autoimmune and allergic diseases as well as organ
transplant rejection. N.
Ref:: 51
----------------------------------------------------
[160]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Tryptophan catabolism
and regulation of adaptive immunity.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Immunol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jimmunol.org/
●●
Cita: J. of Immunology: <> 2003 Jun 15;170(12):5809-13.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mellor AL; Munn DH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine, Medical College of
Georgia, Augusta GA 30912, USA. N.
Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[161]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - European best practice
guidelines for renal transplantation. Section IV: Long-term management of the
transplant recipient. IV.3.2. Long-term immunosuppression. Therapy conversion.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nephrol Dial Transplant. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ndt.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: <> 2002;17 Suppl 4:20-1.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - GUIDELINE: Conversion of immunosuppressive
drug therapy is recommended to avoid or reduce drug-specific adverse effects,
and is generally safe for long-term graft outcome.
----------------------------------------------------
[162]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Structure and function
of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I specific receptors expressed
on human natural killer (NK) cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mol Immunol 2002 Feb;38(9):637-60.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Borrego F; Kabat J; Kim DK; Lieto L;
Maasho K; Pena J; Solana R; Coligan JE
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory
of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Twinbrook II, Room 205, 12441 Parklawn Dr.,
Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Natural killer (NK) cells express
receptors that are specific for MHC class I molecules. These receptors play a
crucial role in regulating the lytic and cytokine expression capabilities of NK
cells. In humans, three distinct families of genes have been defined that
encode for receptors of HLA class I molecules. The first family identified
consists of type I transmembrane molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig)
superfamily and are called killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR). A second group
of receptors belonging to the Ig superfamily, named ILT (for immunoglobulin
like transcripts), has more recently been described. ILTs are expressed mainly
on B, T and myeloid cells, but some members of this group are also expressed on
NK cells. They are also referred to as LIRs (for leukocyte Ig-like receptor)
and MIRs (for macrophage Ig-like receptor). The ligands for the KIR and some of
the ILT receptors include classical (class Ia) HLA class I molecules, as well
as the nonclassical (class Ib) HLA-G molecule. The third family of HLA class I
receptors are C-type lectin family members and are composed of heterodimers of
CD94 covalently associated with a member of the NKG2 family of molecules. The
ligand for most members is the nonclassical class I molecule HLA-E. NKG2D, a
member of the NKG2 family, is expressed as a homodimer, along with the adaptor
molecule DAP10. The ligands of NKG2D include the human class I like molecules
MICA and MICB, and the recently described ULBPs. Each of these three families
of receptors has individual members that can recognize identical or similar
ligands yet signal for activation or inhibition of cellular functions. This
dichotomy correlates with particular structural features present in the
transmembrane and intracytoplasmic portions of these molecules.In this review
we will discuss the molecular structure, specificity, cellular expression
patterns, and function of these HLA class I receptors, as well as the
chromosomal location and genetic organization.
N. Ref:: 224
----------------------------------------------------
[163]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Potential prophylactic
measures against postoperative immunosuppression: could they reduce recurrence
rates in oncological patients?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Surg Oncol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.annalssurgicaloncology.org/
●●
Cita: Ann Surg Oncol: <> 2003 Oct;10(8):972-92.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Shakhar G; Ben-Eliyahu S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Department
of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Removing the primary tumor is
indispensable for eliminating the major pool of metastasizing cells, but the
surgical procedure itself is suspected of promoting metastases. This adverse
effect is attributed to several mechanisms acting in synergy, including
mechanical release of tumor cells, enhanced angiogenesis, secretion of growth
factors, and immunosuppression. Here we provide new insights into mechanisms of
postoperative immunosuppression and assess the assumptions underlying the
hypothesis that, by suppressing cell-mediated immunity (CMI), surgery may
render the patient vulnerable to metastases that otherwise could have been
controlled. METHODS: An extensive review of relevant articles in English
identified by using the MEDLINE database and cross-referencing. RESULTS:
Current literature suggests that (1) CMI can control minimal residual disease,
especially if surgery is performed early; (2) major surgery transiently but
markedly suppresses CMI through multiple mechanisms now better understood; (3)
surgical stress promotes experimental metastasis through immunosuppression, but
the clinical evidence remains indirect because of ethical limitations.
CONCLUSIONS: Minimizing postoperative immunosuppression seems feasible, may
limit recurrence, and should be introduced into the broader array of
considerations when planning oncological surgeries. In the short run,
physicians could try to avoid immunosuppressive anesthetic approaches,
inadvertent hypothermia, excessive blood transfusions, and untended
postoperative pain. When feasible, minimally invasive surgery should be
considered. In the long run, clinical trials should evaluate prophylactic
measures, including perioperative immunostimulation and several antagonists to
cytokines and hormones specified herein.
N. Ref:: 252
----------------------------------------------------
[164]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Oxidized LDL
autoantibodies, endothelial dysfunction, and transplant-associated
arteriosclerosis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Acceso
gratuito al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://atvb.ahajournals.org/
●●
Cita: Arteriosclerosis & Thrombosis :
A J. Vasc Biol: <> 2002 Dec 1;22(12):1950-1.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Alexander RW N. Ref:: 19
----------------------------------------------------
[165]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Alloantibody and
xenoantibody cross-reactivity in transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1):1-5.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000105116.74032.63
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cooper DK; Tseng YL; Saidman SL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Transplantation Biology Research Center,
Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA. David.Cooper@tbrc.mgh.harvard.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The recent availability of pigs homozygous
for alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout, and improved
immunosuppressive regimens that prevent an elicited antibody response, are
expected to contribute to significantly increased survival of pig organs
transplanted into primates, bringing clinical trials of xenotransplantation
closer. Patients highly sensitized to human leukocyte antigens, who may be precluded
from obtaining a human donor organ, would be one group that might benefit from
xenotransplantation. However, there have been few studies on whether there is
cross-reactivity of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies with pig antigens.
What data there are suggest that such cross-reactivity exists and that this may
be detrimental to the outcome after transplantation of a pig organ. Neither is
it known whether sensitization after a pig xenograft would preclude subsequent
allotransplantation, although the data available suggest that this will not be
the case. Further investigation on allo- and xenoantibody cross-reactivity is
required. N. Ref:: 44
----------------------------------------------------
[166]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immune regulation and
transplantation: an exciting challenge.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S38-40.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106476.46943.38
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Saas P; Kleinclauss F; Tiberghien P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - INSERM E0119/UPRES EA2284, Etablissement
Francais du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Universite de Franche-Comte,
Besancon, France. N.
Ref:: 26
----------------------------------------------------
[167]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The current status of
T-cell depleted allogeneic stem-cell transplants in adult patients with AML.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cytotherapy 2001;3(3):175-88.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1080/146532401753174007
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bunjes D
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Stem Cell Transplantation Programme,
Department of Haematology/Oncology, Ulm University Hospital, FRG. N. Ref:: 186
----------------------------------------------------
[168]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Heat shock proteins,
anti-heat shock protein reactivity and allograft rejection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2001 Jun 15;71(11):1503-7.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Pockley AG
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Clinical Sciences (NGH),
Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5
7AU, UK.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Heat shock proteins are families of highly
conserved immunodominant molecules, reactivity to which has been implicated in
the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune and vascular disease states.
However, heat shock proteins are cytoprotective, and in clinical and experimental
arthritis, anti-heat shock protein reactivity can down modulate immune
responses via a self-Hsp reactive, Th2-type mechanism. Despite a number of
studies associating heat shock protein expression and anti-heat shock protein
reactivity with allograft rejection, the balance between protective and
damaging effects and the precise influence of these responses on graft outcome
is unclear. This article reviews current knowledge surrounding heat shock
proteins, autoimmunity, and allograft rejection and presents a perspective on
the potential influence of these proteins and the stress response on allograft
outcome. N. Ref:: 90
----------------------------------------------------
[169]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prevention of and
treatment for hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation in the
nucleoside analogues era.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Transplant 2003 Mar;3(3):250-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Papatheodoridis GV; Sevastianos V;
Burroughs AK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - 2nd Academic Department of
Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece. gpapath@cc.uoa.gr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Post-transplant prophylaxis with hepatitis
B immune globulin (HBIG) has significantly reduced hepatitis B virus (HBV)
recurrence rates, but it is rather ineffective in patients with pretransplant
viremia. Moreover, long-term HBIG administration is very expensive and may be
associated with emergence of escape HBV mutants. Lamivudine has been widely
used in the management of HBV transplant patients. Pretransplant lamivudine
lowers HBV viremia, decreasing the risk of post-transplant HBV recurrence, but
to try and minimize development of resistant HBV strains, it should start
within the last 6 months of the anticipated transplantation timing. Preemptive
post-transplant lamivudine monotherapy is associated with progressively
increasing HBV recurrence rates, but combined therapy with lamivudine and HBIG
at relatively low dosage is currently the most effective approach in this
setting, even in HBV-DNA-positive patients, who also receive lamivudine in the
pretransplant period. The most frequent therapy for post-transplant HBV
recurrence is lamivudine, but the increasing resistance rates represent a
rather challenging problem. Adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir are currently the
most promising agents for lamivudine-resistant HBV strains. All these advances
in anti-HBV therapy have made HBV liver disease an indication for liver
transplantation irrespective of viral replication status, a complete turn
around from 10 years ago. N.
Ref:: 93
----------------------------------------------------
[170]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Treatment of the
bleeding inhibitor patient.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Semin Thromb Hemost 2003 Feb;29(1):77-86.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1055/s-2003-37972
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Astermark J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Coagulation Disorders, Malmo
University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden. Jan.astermark@medforsk.mas.lu.se
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The development of inhibitory antibodies
to factor (F) VIII and FIX continues to be a major challenge in the treatment
of patients with hemophilia. In patients with low-responding inhibitors, it is
usually possible to saturate the inhibitor with the deficient factor and to
achieve hemostasis, but in patients with high-responding inhibitors, two major
tasks have to be considered. One is how to treat the acute bleedings and the
other is how to permanently eliminate the immune response, in other words, to
induce tolerance. There are several hemostatic agents available for bleeding
patients with high-responding inhibitors. Nonactivated and activated
prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) have been used for almost 30 years, and
since the beginning of the 1980s, porcine FVIII has also been used. In more
recent years, recombinant FVIIa has been added to the therapeutic armamentarium
and has been shown to control hemostasis in most patients. Immunoadsorption may
temporarily reduce the inhibitor, enabling replacement therapy for several
days. Available data on these alternative regimens will be discussed with a
focus on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, safety, monitoring, and
clinical experience. N.
Ref:: 76
----------------------------------------------------
[171]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Mechanisms of
corticosteroid resistance in rheumatoid arthritis: a putative role for the
corticosteroid receptor beta isoform.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002 Jun;966:39-48.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Chikanza IC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Bone and Joint Research Unit, John Vane
Building, St. Bartholomew’s and Royal London School of Medicine, Charterhouse
Square, London, United Kingdom. i.c.chikanza@gmul.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Corticosteroids (CSs) have potent
immunosuppressive effects and are commonly used to treat a range of
immunological and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
These effects are mediated by the ability of CSs to modulate gene expression.
CSs act by binding to the CS receptor (CR), which exists as alpha and beta
isoforms. Only CRalpha binds CS. CRbeta functions as an endogenous inhibitor of
CS and is expressed in several tissues. The CS/CRalpha complex binds to the
glucocorticosteroid response element in the nucleus and also interferes with
AP-1 and NF-kappaB binding. Thus, CSs inhibit the transcription of AP-1 and
NF-kappaB inducible genes, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1beta,
and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, as well as T-cell proliferation. In
clinical practice, a proportion of RA patients do not respond adequately to CS
therapy. On this basis, RA patients can be divided on clinical grounds and on
the ability of CSs to inhibit concanavalin A (conA)-induced peripheral blood
T-cell proliferation in vitro into CS-sensitive (SS) and CS-resistant (SR)
subgroups. The in vitro defined SS and SR subgroups correlate with the clinical
responses to CS therapy. The mechanisms of the SR in RA patients remain unknown
but may include the following: dysregulation of CRalpha function, alterations
in the intracellular signaling mechanisms and/or utilization of various other
cellular activation pathways, perturbations of the cytokine milieu, and
inhibition of lipocortin. In SR subjects, CSs fail to significantly inhibit
conA-induced IL-2 and IL-4 secretion and LPS-induced IL-8, IL-1beta secretion
in vitro. CS therapy fails to reduce the circulating levels of IL-8, IL-1beta,
and TNFalpha in SR RA patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from
SR significantly overexpress activated NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha. In vitro CSs
fail to significantly inhibit conA-induced NF-kappaB activation in PBMCs from
SR RA patients. Our preliminary observations show enhanced CRbeta expression by
PBMCs from SR RA patients. It is most likely that other molecular mechanisms
such as enhanced AP-1 expression are involved, and we currently are
investigating such possibilities. N.
Ref:: 60
----------------------------------------------------
[172]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Role of cidofovir in
the treatment of DNA virus infections, other than CMV infections, in
immunocompromised patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2002
Nov;3(11):1561-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Snoeck R; De Clercq E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Rega Institute for Medical Research,
Minderbroedersstraat 10,B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. robert.snoeck@rega.kuleuven.ac.be
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Cidofovir is a nucleotide analog marketed
for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus infections in immunocompromised
patients. An increasing number of reports have appeared on the use of cidofovir
for the treatment of other severe DNA virus infections in immunocompromised
patients. The activity of cidofovir against herpes simplex viruses resistant to
classic (acyclovir and/or foscavir) therapy has been widely documented. Cidofovir
has also been used for the treatment of other herpesvirus infections, such as
drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus-induced
proliferative diseases. For papillomavirus infections, cidofovir represents a
valuable alternative to the conventional therapies, which are mostly based on
surgery, as in the treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis. The role of cidofovir
in the treatment of polyomavirus infections is more controversial, but here
too, cidofovir represents, to date, the only available efficacious therapeutic
modality. Cidofovir has demonstrated activity against all poxviruses and
represents a unique therapeutic modality for use against these viruses,
particularly in the immunosuppressed host, should this prove necessary (eg, in
a bioterrorism scenario). N.
Ref:: 76
----------------------------------------------------
[173]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Reactivation of chronic
hepatitis B infection following intensive chemotherapy and successful treatment
with lamivudine: a case report and review of the literature.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Oncol 2001 Jan;12(1):123-9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Saif MW; Little RF; Hamilton JM; Allegra
CJ; Wilson WH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Medicine Branch, National Cancer
Institute, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA. saifw@mail.nih.gov
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus reactivation
has been reported in cancer patients following administration of chemotherapy
or immunosuppressive therapy and may result in liver damage of varying degrees
of severity. Although treatment is supportive in nature, lamivudine, a
nucleoside analogue has been found to suppress HBV replication as evidenced by
reports of 13 cases in the medical literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report
a patient who achieved a successful outcome with lamivudine following
reactivation of HBV during combination chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
and provide a brief overview of the literature including the 13 published case
reports. RESULTS: Lamivudine therapy resulted in clinical improvement as well
as in normalization of liver function tests and coagulation profile.
CONCLUSIONS: Lamivudine has been found to suppress HBV replication manifested
both by histology and serum HBV-DNA levels in chronic carriers of HBV who
developed reactivation of hepatic disease following chemotherapy. Physicians
caring for such patients should be able to recognize this clinical challenge,
and lamivudine should be considered. N.
Ref:: 33
----------------------------------------------------
[174]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Nutrient signaling
through TOR kinases controls gene expression and cellular differentiation in
fungi.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2004;279:53-72.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Rohde JR; Cardenas ME
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Molecular Genetics and
Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The TOR kinases were first identified in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the targets of the immunosuppressive drug
rapamycin. Subsequent studies employing rapamycin as a tool in yeast have given
us insight into the structure and function of the TOR kinases, as well as the
biological role of the TOR signaling program in transmitting nutrient signals
to promote cell growth. One of the major advances from this area has been in
defining an unexpected role for TOR signaling in the regulation of
transcription. The identification of target genes subject to regulation by TOR
has provided a platform for the dissection of the signaling events downstream
of the TOR kinases. Studies aimed at understanding TOR-regulated transcription
have begun to shed light on how TOR signaling cooperates with other signaling
programs. In addition, the TOR pathway regulates the developmental program of
pseudohyphal differentiation in concert with highly conserved MAP kinase and
PKA signaling programs. Remarkably, rapamycin also blocks filamentation in a
number of important human and plant pathogens and the mechanism of rapamycin
action is conserved in Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The
antimicrobial properties of less immunosuppressive analogs of rapamycin hold
promise for the development of an effective antifungal therapy. N. Ref:: 65
----------------------------------------------------
[175]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Signaling pathways
involved in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by
leucine.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Nutr. Acceso gratuito al texto completo
a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.nutrition.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of Nutrition: <> 2001 Mar;131(3):856S-860S.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Anthony JC; Anthony TG; Kimball SR;
Jefferson LS
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Cellular and Molecular
Physiology, P.O. Box 850, The Pennsylvania State University College of
Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Numerous reports established that in
skeletal muscle the indispensable branched-chain amino acid leucine is unique
in its ability to initiate signal transduction pathways that modulate
translation initiation. Oral administration of leucine stimulates protein
synthesis in association with hyperphosphorylation of the translational
repressor, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1),
resulting in enhanced availability of the mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E, for
binding eIF4G and forming the active eIF4F complex. In addition, leucine
enhances phosphorylation of the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1).
These results suggest that leucine upregulates protein synthesis in skeletal
muscle by enhancing both the activity and synthesis of proteins involved in
mRNA translation. The stimulatory effects of leucine on translation initiation
are mediated in part through the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin
(mTOR), where both insulin signaling and leucine signaling converge to promote
a maximal response. N.
Ref:: 34
----------------------------------------------------
[176]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The HCMV gene products
US2 and US11 target MHC class I molecules for degradation in the cytosol.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2002;269:37-55.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van der Wal FJ; Kikkert M; Wiertz E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden
University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Over millions of years of coevolution with
their hosts, viruses have developed highly effective strategies to elude the
host immune system. The degradation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class I heavy chains by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an example of this. Two
HCMV proteins, US2 and US11, target newly synthesized MHC class I heavy chains
for destruction via a pathway that involves ubiquitin-dependent retrograde
transport, or “dislocation”, of the heavy chains from the ER to the cytosol,
where the proteins are degraded by proteasomes. In this review, US2- and
US11-mediated degradation of MHC class I heavy chains is discussed in relation
to data concerning the degradation of other ER luminal proteins. A new, unified
model for translocon-facilitated dislocation and degradation of MHC class I
heavy chains is presented. N.
Ref:: 115
----------------------------------------------------
[177]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A benefit-risk
assessment of basiliximab in renal transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Drug Saf. Acceso gratuito al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.csmwm.org/
●●
Cita: Drug Safety: <> 2004;27(2):91-106.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Boggi U; Danesi R; Vistoli F; Del Chiaro
M; Signori S; Marchetti P; Del Tacca M; Mosca F
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of General Surgery and
Transplants, Department of Oncology, Transplants and Advanced Technologies in
Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. uboggi@med.unipi.it
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor
(IL-2R) play a central role in T lymphocyte activation and immune response
after transplantation. Research on the biology of IL-2R allowed the
identification of key signal transduction pathways involved in the generation
of proliferative and antiapoptotic signals in T cells. The alpha-chain of the
IL-2R is a specific peptide against which monoclonal antibodies have been
raised, with the aim of blunting the immune response by means of inhibiting
proliferation and inducing apoptosis in primed lymphocytes. Indeed,
basiliximab, one of such antibodies, has proved to be effective in reducing the
episodes of acute rejection after kidney and pancreas transplantation. The use
of basiliximab was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of
any treated rejection episodes after kidney transplantation in the two major
randomised studies (placebo 52.2% vs basiliximab 34.2% at 6 months, European
study; placebo 54.9% vs basiliximab 37.6% at 1 year, US trial). Basiliximab and
equine antithymocyte globulin (ATG) administration resulted in a similar rate
of biopsy-proven acute rejection at 6 months (19% for both) and at 12 months
(19% and 20%, respectively). The use of basiliximab appears not to be
associated with an increased incidence of adverse events as compared with
placebo in immunosuppressive regimens, including calcineurin inhibitors,
mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine and corticosteroids, and its safety
profile is superior to ATG. Moreover, a similar occurrence of infections is
noted in selected studies (65.5% after basiliximab vs 65.7% of controls),
including cytomegalovirus infection (17.3% vs 14.5%), and cytokine-release
syndrome is not observed. Finally, economic analysis demonstrated lower costs of
overall treatment in patients treated with basiliximab. Therefore, the use of
basiliximab entails a very low risk, allows safe reduction of corticosteroid
dosage and reduces the short- and mid-term rejection rates. However, the
improvement in the long-term survival of kidney grafts in patients treated
according to modern immunosuppressive protocols is still to be demonstrated.
These conclusions are based on a systematic review of the scientific
literature, indexed on Medline database, concerning the mechanism of action,
therapeutic activity, safety and pharmacoeconomic evaluation of basiliximab in
renal transplantation. N.
Ref:: 62
----------------------------------------------------
[178]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Self major
histocompatibility complex class-II-specific regulatory CD4 T cells prevent
both Th1- and Th2-mediated autoimmune diseases in the rat.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Microbes Infect 2001 Sep;3(11):955-60.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Pelletier L; Savignac M; Xystrakis E;
Duplan V; Druet P; Abdelhadi S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Inserm U28, Hopital Purpan, place du D
Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France. Lucette.Pelletier@purpan.inserm.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - It is clear that functional heterogeneity
of T cells may be explained by differential cytokine production. The aim of
this paper was to review evidence for regulatory cells, generated after
HgCl(2)-exposure. They differ from classical Th1 and Th2 cells, produce
transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10 and exert their regulatory
functions in a Th1/Th2-unrestricted fashion.
N. Ref:: 46
----------------------------------------------------
[179]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Longitudinal profile of
bronchoalveolar lavage cell characteristics in patients with a good outcome
after lung transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Am J. of Respir & Crit Care Med: <> 2002 Feb 15;165(4):501-7.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Slebos DJ; Scholma J; Boezen HM; Koeter
GH; van der Bij W; Postma DS; Kauffman HF
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pulmonary Diseases,
University Hospital, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. D.Slebos@int.azg.nl
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)
analysis is used in patients after lung transplantation (LTX) to obtain more
insight into pathological conditions such as acute and chronic allograft
rejection. Information on the normal course of BALF cell characteristics in
patients with “good outcome” after LTX is limited. Therefore we analyzed 169
BALF samples from 63 well-defined “good outcome” patients after LTX (no acute
or chronic transplant dysfunction, bacterial, fungal, or viral infections at
the time of BAL). Total cell count decreased from the first months: median
(range) 234 x 10(3) (70-610) cells/ml to 103 x 10(3) (10-840) cells/ml during
the second year posttransplantation (p < 0.001). Cell differential counts
did not change during the 2-yr study period. The CD4/CD8 ratio increased
significantly from 0.32 (0.11-0.46) just posttransplantation to 0.62
(0.16-4.27) the second year after LTX. This increasing ratio was mainly due to
a sharp decreasing CD8(+) cell count. Thus, characteristics of BAL cellular
patterns in patients with good outcomes after LTX show important changes over
time. We have defined control values for the BALF cellular profile in patients
without pathological airway conditions after LTX. We propose to use these
control values as a tool for diagnosing patients with pulmonary complications
after LTX and for the follow-up of treatment regimens. N. Ref:: 34
----------------------------------------------------
[180]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Role of leucine in the
regulation of mTOR by amino acids: revelations from structure-activity studies.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Nutr. Acceso gratuito al texto completo
a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.nutrition.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of Nutrition: <> 2001 Mar;131(3):861S-865S.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lynch CJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Cellular and Molecular
Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500
University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. clynch@psu.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - In this study an overview is presented of
the mTOR signaling pathway and its regulation by amino acids, particularly
L-leucine. Our laboratory is studying amino acid regulation of mTOR in
adipocytes. Potential roles for mTOR in adipocytes that were previously posited
include hypertrophic growth, leptin secretion, protein synthesis and adipose
tissue morphogenesis. A current area of interest in the field is how amino
acids regulate mTOR and which amino acids are regulatory. Revelations
concerning mechanism and recognition are emerging from different laboratories
that examined the structural requirements for stimulation and inhibition of the
mTOR signaling pathway by leucine and amino acid analogs. In adipocytes and
some other cell types, leucine appears to be the main regulatory amino acid.
However, this is not uniformly the case. In those cells where mTOR is regulated
by several amino acids, there is evidence that the mechanism of mTOR activation
may be different from cells where mainly leucine is regulatory. Furthermore, in
tissues where leucine regulates mTOR, the possible existence of different
tissue-specific leucine recognition sites may be indicated. N. Ref:: 47
----------------------------------------------------
[181]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Targeted therapy of
solid malignancies via HLA class II antigens: a new biotherapeutic approach?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Oncogene 2003 Sep 29;22(42):6564-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/sj.onc.1206960
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Altomonte M; Fonsatti E; Visintin A; Maio
M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, Department
of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto di Ricovero e
Cura a Carattere Scientifico, via Pedemontana Occ. le, 12, Aviano 33081, Italy.
maltomonte@cro.it
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Intracellular signals, delivered in
professional antigen-presenting cells following the engagement of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, activate a variety of
cellular functions that also contribute to efficient antigen presentation. As
far as human malignancies, the signaling ability of human leukocyte antigens
(HLA) class II molecules is a rather well-characterized event in hematologic
tumors; in contrast, very limited evidences are available in solid neoplasias
of different histotypes that may constitutively express HLA class II antigens.
Among solid malignancies, a significant proportion of human cutaneous melanomas
have been shown to express HLA class II molecules, and cutaneous melanoma
undoubtedly represents a ‘model disease’ to investigate tumor immunobiology, to
unveil the molecular basis underlying the interactions between neoplastic cells
and host’s immune system, and ultimately to set up new bio-immunotherapeutic
approaches. Upcoming preclinical evidences unveil a signaling potential of
HLA-DR antigens expressed on melanoma cells, and suggest for the clinical
implication of HLA class II molecules as novel therapeutic targets. Therefore,
in this review, we will focus on the emerging role of HLA class II antigens as
intracellular signal transducing elements in neoplastic cells of the
melanocytic lineage, emphasizing their foreseeable role in targeted therapy of
human melanoma and potentially of HLA class II antigens-positive tumors of
different histology. N.
Ref:: 94
----------------------------------------------------
[182]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cellular engineering of
HSV-tk transduced, expanded T lymphocytes for graft-versus-host disease
management.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Acta Haematol 2003;110(2-3):121-31.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1159/000072461
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Burger SR; Kadidlo DM; Basso L; Bostrom N;
Orchard PJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Advanced Cell and Gene Therapy, Chapel
Hill, NC 27516, USA. sburger@ac-gt.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Engineering donor T lymphocytes with
inducible ‘suicide genes’, such as herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, has
potential to improve safety and efficacy in allogeneic transplantation by
facilitating management of graft-versus-host disease. Elective administration
of a relatively nontoxic pro-drug would induce in vivo negative selection of
engineered lymphocytes specifically, sparing other donor hematopoietic cells.
The engineered cells must retain immunologic function, and undergo negative
selection in response to clinically attainable plasma concentrations of
pro-drug. The cell engineering process itself, typically involving activation,
transduction, ex vivo expansion, and selection, must produce clinically useful
numbers of genetically modified cells at high purity. We discuss development of
a cellular engineering manufacturing process that yields transduced, expanded T
lymphocytes meeting these requirements.
N. Ref:: 37
----------------------------------------------------
[183]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunocompromised Host
Society Consensus Conference on Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and
Management of Infections in Solid-Organ Transplant Patients. Davos,
Switzerland, 23 June 1998, fully updated summer 2000.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Infect Dis 2001 Jul 1;33 Suppl
1:S1-65. N. Ref:: 0
----------------------------------------------------
[184]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - B-cell activation and
lymphoma in patients with HIV.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Opin Oncol 2002 Sep;14(5):528-32.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Martinez-Maza O; Breen EC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology, David Geffen
School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 90095, USA. omartinez@mednet.ucla.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The risk of developing non-Hodgkin
lymphoma (AIDS lymphoma) is greatly increased in HIV infection. Disruption of
immune function by HIV infection may contribute to lymphomagenesis by inducing
(1) loss of immunoregulation of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells
[immunoblastic and central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma] caused by loss of T-cell
function, and (2) chronic B-cell hyperactivation enhancing the generation of
genetic lesions (c- :immunoglobulin gene translocation, -6 overexpression)
associated with some forms of AIDS lymphoma (Burkitt lymphoma-like small
noncleaved cell lymphoma and large noncleaved cell lymphoma). Also, the
overproduction of B-cell-stimulatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and 6) has the
potential to contribute to tumor development by supporting the growth and
viability of nascent lymphoma cell clones. Therefore, HIV infection-associated
B-cell hyperactivation, including direct activation of B cells by various
mechanisms, and chronic overproduction of B-cell-stimulatory cytokines have the
potential to contribute to the development and growth of AIDS lymphoma. Several
recent reports are discussed in this review, including recent work relevant to
understanding the potential of a virus-encoded cytokine-like molecule, HHV8
vIL6, to induce B-cell hyperactivation in HIV-infected people, work pointing to
the potential role of a chemokine (stromal cell-derived factor 1) in
lymphomagenesis, and studies on phenotypic changes in circulating B cells in
HIV infection. N.
Ref:: 38
----------------------------------------------------
[185]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Signal transduction via
MHC class I molecules in endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Crit Rev Immunol 2003;23(1-2):109-28.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Reed EF
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Department of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University
of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ereed@mednet.ucla.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - MHC class I molecules have long been
recognized for their ability to stimulate intracellular signals in T and B
lymphocytes. More recently, it has become clear that MHC class I molecules can
also initiate intracellular signals in endothelial and smooth muscle cells,
which synergize with growth factor receptors to elicit cell proliferation. This
review describes our current knowledge of class I-mediated signaling pathways
in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The role of the class I signaling
pathway in modulating cell growth and the clinical significance of this pathway
in chronic allograft rejection are discussed.
N. Ref:: 190
----------------------------------------------------
[186]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Targeting proximal T
cell receptor signaling in transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 Jun 27;75(12):1921-7.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000070168.42915.47
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Hamawy MM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, 53792, USA. hamawy@surgery.wisc.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - In the past two decades, an immense amount
of information has been generated on the mechanism of T cell receptor (TCR)
signaling (also called signal 1). This overview describes the major signalling
pathways in the TCR signal transduction cascade and focuses on proximal events
in TCR signaling. The review also discusses some of the strategies that target
proximal TCR signaling, which are used for preventing graft rejection. N. Ref:: 61
----------------------------------------------------
[187]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Modulation of T cell
immunity by TCR/pMHC dwell time and activating/inhibitory receptor pairs on the
antigen-presenting cell.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Pharm Des 2003;9(3):233-44.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kalergis AM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Molecular Genetics and
Immunology, The Rockefeller University. Departmento de Genetica Molecular y
Microbiologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. kalergi@rockefeller.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The molecular interactions occurring at
the interface between the antigen presenting cell (APC) and the T lymphocyte
play an important role in the immune surveillance against infectious agents and
tumors, as well as in autoimmunity and transplant rejection. The significance
of the APC-T cell interaction in immunity is underscored by the observation
that deficiencies in the function of either one of these two cell types cause
extreme susceptibility to infections and tumor growth. Furthermore, a
disregulated APC-T cell interaction can initiate autoimmunity. Thus, antigen
recognition by T cells must be tightly regulated in order to ensure protection
against pathogens and tumors, avoiding activation of self-reactive T cells.
Efficient T cell activation requires two simultaneous signals provided by the
APC: Antigen (or signal 1) and co-stimulation (or signal 2). The specificity of
antigen recognition by T cells (signal 1) is controlled exclusively by the T
cell receptor (TCR), an extremely diverse heterodimeric protein composed of
disulfide-bonded alpha and beta chains. While it is clear that the TCR
recognizes antigens as small peptides bound to molecules of the Major
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), the molecular explanation for the specificity
of antigen recognition by the betaalphaTCR is just beginning to be elucidated.
In this review are described some of the advances made in the understanding of
the molecular interactions that define the antigen-specificity of the TCR, and
the current models for T cell activation by antigen on APCs are discussed. N. Ref:: 128
----------------------------------------------------
[188]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetic predisposition
to infectious pathogens: a review of less familiar variants.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003
May;22(5):457-61.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.inf.0000068205.82627.55
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Somech R; Amariglio N; Spirer Z; Rechavi G
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Chaim Sheba
Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The susceptibility and clinical
manifestations of infectious diseases in human populations are influenced by a
variety of factors, among them host genetics. Obvious examples for the effect
of host genetics on predisposition to unique infections are the primary
immunodeficiency diseases. Minor gene variants that influence the host immune
system are much more common. The iceberg model can be used to illustrate the
epidemiology of immunodeficiency states. Accordingly only a few individuals
have known and severe recognized primary immunodeficiencies, whereas many more
patients have mild immunodeficiencies that may remain undiagnosed and are
predisposed to a unique infectious disease. We review some of the less common
variants that influence the host defense and predispose to certain infectious
agents or change their outcome. N.
Ref:: 43
----------------------------------------------------
[189]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Donor-derived
hematopoietic stem cells in organ transplantation: technical aspects and
hurdles yet to be cleared.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 May 15;75(9
Suppl):55S-57S.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000067954.60639.9C
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Herve P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Establissement Francais du Sang Borgogne
Franche-Comte, Besancon, France. patrick.herve@efs.sante.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The use of hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC)
therapy in organ transplantation is a challenge to promote chimerism with the
aim of enhancing organ tolerance. Several HSC sources are available, including
bone marrow (most of the time), peripheral blood after stem-cell mobilization,
and placental blood. HSC collection techniques from vertebral bodies or iliac
crests require a number of complex manipulations. The best yield of HSC is
obtained from vertebral bodies. HSC harvesting by cytapheresis after cell
mobilization with a cytokine such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
should be preferred with a live donor. The number of CD3+ T cells is more than
10-fold higher in peripheral blood than in bone marrow. Cell separation by the
immunoselection technique (positive selection of the CD34+ cell population)
eliminates erythrocytes, granulocytes, and T cells, thus preventing the
possible occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease. In the future, an
accreditation will be required for HSC collection and processing. In Europe,
the reference tool is the Joint Accreditation Committee of Ishage-Europe or the
Foundation for the Accreditation of Haematopoietic Cell Therapy manual, which
provides standards for every technical step of these procedures. N. Ref:: 26
----------------------------------------------------
[190]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Ethical considerations
on preimplantation genetic diagnosis for HLA typing to match a future child as
a donor of haematopoietic stem cells to a sibling.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Hum Reprod 2002 Mar;17(3):534-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Pennings G; Schots R; Liebaers I
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Philosophy, Lok. 5 C 442,
Academic Hospital, Free University Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels,
Belgium. gpenning@vub.ac.be
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Recently, several requests were made by
couples with an affected child who wanted preimplantation genetic diagnosis
(PGD) to select embryos in the hope of conceiving an HLA identical donor
sibling. This article considers the ethical arguments for and against the
application of PGD for this goal. Only embryos HLA matched with an existing
sibling in need of a compatible donor of haematopoietic stem cells would be
transferred. The main arguments are the instrumentalization of the child, the
best-interests standard, the postnatal test for acceptability and the
experience of the donor child. It is argued that conceiving a child to save a
child is a morally defensible decision on the condition that the operation that
will be performed on the future child is acceptable to perform on an existing
child. The instrumentalization of the donor child does not demonstrate
disrespect for its autonomy or its intrinsic worth. N. Ref:: 29
----------------------------------------------------
[191]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Donor-derived
hematopoietic cells in organ transplantation: a major step toward allograft
tolerance?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 May 15;75(9 Suppl):3S-7S.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000067943.90241.73
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Rifle G; Mousson C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Nephrology-Intensive Care-Transplantation,
Hopital du Bocage, 2 boulevard de Lattre de Tassigny, 21034 Dijon, France. gerard.rifle@chu-dijon.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Infusion of donor-derived cells can
improve organ allograft survival in animal models. Under certain conditions, it
can even induce tolerance (i.e., unlimited organ survival without any
maintenance immunosuppressive therapy). Use of nonmyeloablative regimens allows
engraftment of donor-derived bone marrow cells, induction of mixed chimerism,
and tolerance in rodents. High doses of bone marrow cells together with
anti-T-cell antibodies can even result in mixed chimerism without cytoablative
host conditioning. Cultured donor-derived CD34+ cells or donor-derived immature
(or even mature) dendritic cells associated with monoclonal antibodies directed
against co-stimulatory molecules might also induce tolerance. Among the
numerous experimental protocols leading to tolerance of solid organs in animal
models, how can we find our bearings in human transplantation? Numerous
problems have yet to be solved: the type and amount of donor-derived cells
(including stromal cells) to be used, the timing for infusion of donor cells in
keeping with organ transplantation, the route of infusion (should it be
intravenous, into the portal vein?), and the conditioning regimen. The first
clinical trials would appear to indicate that tolerance induction in humans
using donor-derived cells is a relatively safe solution that is both promising
and realistic. N.
Ref:: 42
----------------------------------------------------
[192]
- Castellano -
TÍTULO / TITLE:Las inmunofilinas: agentes
neuroprotectores y promotores de la regeneracion neural. Immunophilins:
neuroprotective agents and promoters of neural regeneration.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Neurologia. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.stmeditores.com/Revistas/ffasciculo.php?Mw==&MTk=&MjUy
●●
Cita: Neurologia: <> 2002 Apr;17(4):200-13.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Udina E; Navarro X
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Regeneracion,
Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Inmunologia, Universitat
Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, España.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Immunophilins are a family of proteins
mainly known because they act as receptors of the immunosuppressant drugs
cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506. Immunophilins serve several general functions,
including regulation of mitochondrial permeability, modulation of ion channels
stability and acting as chaperones for a variety of proteins. However,
immunophilins are also present at high density in the nervous system. CsA,
FK506 and other derivatives inhibit the function of immunophilins and, through
bloking or activating several intracellular pathways, it has been shown that
they exert neuroprotective effects in different experimental models of
ischemia, Parkinson’s disease and excitotoxic insults. Moreover, FK506 also has
neuroregenerative effects, by enhancing the axonal regeneration rate after
lesions of the peripheral nervous system. The development of new agents that
selectively bind to immunophilins opens new interesting perspectives for the
therapy of degenerative diseases and injuries of the nervous system. N. Ref:: 100
----------------------------------------------------
[193]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunoablation followed
or not by hematopoietic stem cells as an intense therapy for severe autoimmune
diseases. New perspectives, new problems.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Haematologica. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://db.doyma.es/
●●
Cita: Haematologica: <> 2001 Apr;86(4):337-45.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Marmont AM N. Ref:: 127
----------------------------------------------------
[194]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Protein phosphatase 2A
on track for nutrient-induced signalling in yeast.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mol Microbiol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/
●●
Cita: Molecular Microbiology: <> 2002 Feb;43(4):835-42.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Zabrocki P; Van Hoof C; Goris J; Thevelein
JM; Winderickx J; Wera S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Celbiologie,
K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Early studies identified two bona fide
protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-encoding genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
designated PPH21 and PPH22. In addition, three PP2A-related phosphatases,
encoded by PPH3, SIT4 and PPG1, have been identified. All share as much as 86%
sequence similarity at the amino acid level. This review will focus primarily
on Pph21 and Pph22, but some aspects of Sit4 regulation will also be discussed.
Whereas a role for PP2A in yeast morphology and cell cycle has been readily
recognized, uncovering its function in yeast signal transduction is a more
recent breakthrough. Via their interaction with phosphorylated Tap42, PP2A and
Sit4 play a pivotal role in target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling. PPH22
overexpression mimics overactive cAMP-PKA (protein kinase A) signalling and
PP2A and Sit4 might represent ceramide signalling targets. The methylation of
its catalytic subunit stabilizes the heterotrimeric form of PP2A and might
counteract TOR signalling. We will show how these new elements could lead us to
understand the role and regulation of PP2A in nutrient-induced signalling in
baker’s yeast. N.
Ref:: 41
----------------------------------------------------
[195]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Acremonium strictum
pulmonary infection in a leukemic patient successfully treated with
posaconazole after failure of amphotericin B.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002
Nov;21(11):814-7. Epub 2002 Oct 31.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s10096-002-0828-8
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Herbrecht R; Letscher-Bru V; Fohrer C;
Campos F; Natarajan-Ame S; Zamfir A; Waller J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Departement d’Hematologie et d’Oncologie,
Hopital de Hautepierre, Avenue Moliere, 67098 Strasbourg, France. raoul.herbrecht@chru-strasbourg.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - A severely neutropenic patient with
chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed a diffuse bilateral pulmonary infection
while receiving a therapeutic daily dosage of intravenous amphotericin B for
Candida glabrata esophagitis. Computed tomography of the chest showed numerous
lung nodules, ground glass areas and a pleural effusion. Biopsy of one nodule
demonstrated hyaline septate hyphae. Multiple sputum cultures grew Acremonium
strictum. Increasing the dose of amphotericin B and the addition of
itraconazole did not resolve the infection. Change of treatment to posaconazole
given orally at 200 mg four times/d resulted in progressive improvement leading
finally to cure after 24 weeks of therapy. Treatment with posaconazole was
clinically and biologically well tolerated.
N. Ref:: 15
----------------------------------------------------
[196]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Hepatitis B core
antibody-positive grafts: recipient’s risk.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 Feb 15;75(3
Suppl):S49-53.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000047006.96782.64
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - de Villa VH; Chen YS; Chen CL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Liver Transplant Program, Department of
Surgery, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical
Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The transmission of hepatitis B virus
infection through hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)-positive liver grafts in
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative recipients has been established.
The mandatory use of immunosuppression in transplant patients favors
reactivation of latent virus that may be present in grafts from HBsAg-negative
anti-HBc-positive donors. With the persistent organ donor scarcity, the use of
these grafts cannot be avoided, especially in urgent cases and in areas where
the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus is high, as in Asia. The recognition of
posttransplant de novo hepatitis B from core antibody-positive liver donors
has, therefore, led to modifications in graft allocation policies and the
introduction of strategies for prophylaxis. The risk of developing this type of
new-onset hepatitis B virus infection in liver transplant recipients and the
various approaches to minimize this risk are reviewed. The peculiar
implications of using core antibody-positive grafts in the context of living
donor liver transplantation in Asia are discussed. N. Ref:: 30
----------------------------------------------------
[197]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Derangement of immune
responses by myeloid suppressor cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cancer Immunol Immunother 2004
Feb;53(2):64-72. Epub 2003 Oct 30.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00262-003-0443-2
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Serafini P; De Santo C; Marigo I;
Cingarlini S; Dolcetti L; Gallina G; Zanovello P; Bronte V
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Oncology and Surgical
Sciences, Oncology Section, Azienda Ospedaliera, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128,
Padova, Italy.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - In tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients,
tumor progression is often associated with altered hematopoiesis leading to the
accumulation of myeloid cells. Extensive studies in preclinical models indicate
that these cells share the CD11b and the Gr-1 markers, possess a mixed
mature-immature myeloid phenotype, and are responsible for the induction of
T-cell dysfunctions, both tumor-specific and nonspecific. Moreover,
CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells are described under different unrelated
situations associated with temporary impairment of the T-lymphocyte reactivity.
This review examines recent findings on the nature, properties, and mechanisms
of action of these myeloid suppressor cells (MSCs). N. Ref:: 87
----------------------------------------------------
[198]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Commentary. Major
breakthrough in the HLA-G debate: occurrence of pregnancy in human depends on
the HLA-G status of preimplantation embryos.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Eur J Immunol 2002 Feb;32(2):309-10.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/1521-4141(200202)32:2<309::AID-IMMU309>3.0.CO;2-H
[pii]
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bouteiller PL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - INSERM U395, CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024
Toulouse Cedex 3, France. phil.lb@toulouse.inserm.fr N. Ref:: 16
----------------------------------------------------
[199]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pulmonary infiltrates
in immunosuppressed patients: analysis of a diagnostic protocol.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Microbiol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://jcm.asm.org/
●●
Cita: J. Clinical Microbiology: <> 2002 Jun;40(6):2134-40.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Danes C; Gonzalez-Martin J; Pumarola T;
Rano A; Benito N; Torres A; Moreno A; Rovira M; Puig de la Bellacasa J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Servei de Microbiologia, Institut Clinic
d’Infeccions i Immunologia, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques Agusti Pi i
Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - A diagnostic protocol was started to study
the etiology of pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients. The
diagnostic yields of the different techniques were analyzed, with special
emphasis on the importance of the sample quality and the role of rapid
techniques in the diagnostic strategy. In total, 241 patients with newly
developed pulmonary infiltrates within a period of 19 months were included. Noninvasive
or invasive evaluation was performed according to the characteristics of the
infiltrates. Diagnosis was achieved in 202 patients (84%); 173 patients (72%)
had pneumonia, and specific etiologic agents were found in 114 (66%).
Bronchoaspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage showed the highest yields, either on
global analysis (23 of 35 specimens [66%] and 70 of 134 specimens [52%],
respectively) or on analysis of each type of pneumonia. A tendency toward
better results with optimal-quality samples was observed, and a statistically
significant difference was found in sputum bacterial culture. Rapid diagnostic
tests yielded results in 71 of 114 (62.2%) diagnoses of etiological pneumonia.
----------------------------------------------------
[200]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - MHC class I antigen
processing regulated by cytosolic proteolysis-short cuts that alter peptide
generation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mol Immunol 2002 Oct;39(3-4):171-9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kessler BM; Glas R; Ploegh HL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical
School, Room 137, Building D2, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated
immune responses rely on the efficiency of MHC class I ligand generation and
presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Whereas the abnormal
expression of MHC molecules and transporters associated with antigen processing
(TAPs) are commonly discussed as factors that modulate antigen presentation,
much less is known about possible regulatory mechanisms at the level of
proteolysis responsible for the generation of antigenic peptides. The
ubiquitin-proteasome system is recognized as the major component responsible
for this process in the cytosol and its activity can be regulated by cytokines,
such as IFN-gamma. However, new evidence suggests the involvement of other
proteases that can contribute to cytosolic proteolysis and therefore, to the
quality and quantity of antigen production. Here, we review recent findings on
an increasing number of proteolytic enzymes linked to antigen presentation, and
we discuss how regulation of cytosolic protease activities might have
implications for immune escape mechanisms that could be used by tumor cells and
pathogens. N. Ref:: 99
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