#09#
Revisiones-Ciencias
Básicas (todas) *** Reviews-Basic Sciences
INMUNOSUPRESIÓN
*** IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
(Conceptos
/ Keywords: Immunosuppression; Immunosuppressive ag.; Transpl. immunol.; GVH;
Antirejection therapy; Lymphocyte depletion; Transpl. conditioning; etc).
Enero /
January 2001 --- Marzo / March 2004
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[1]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Hepcidin: a putative
iron-regulatory hormone relevant to hereditary hemochromatosis and the anemia
of chronic disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.pnas.org/
●●
Cita: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS): <> 2001 Jul 17;98(15):8160-2.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1073/pnas.161296298
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Fleming RE; Sly WS
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63014, USA. N. Ref:: 30
----------------------------------------------------
[2]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Beta lactam monotherapy
versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in
immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised
trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito
al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://bmj.com/search.dtl
●●
Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> 2004 Mar 20;328(7441):668. Epub 2004
Mar 2.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bmj.38028.520995.63
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Paul M; Benuri-Silbiger I; Soares-Weiser
K; Leibovici L
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine E and Infectious
Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva 49100,
Israel. mica@zahav.net.il
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: To compare beta lactam
monotherapy with beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for severe
infections. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, and
conference proceedings, to 2003; references of included studies; contact with
all authors. No restrictions, such as language, year of publication, or
publication status. STUDY SELECTION: All randomised trials of beta lactam
monotherapy compared with beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for
patients without neutropenia who fulfilled criteria for sepsis. DATA SELECTION:
Two reviewers independently applied selection criteria, performed quality assessment,
and extracted the data. The primary outcome assessed was all cause fatality by
intention to treat. Relative risks were pooled with the random effect model
(relative risk < 1 favours monotherapy). RESULTS: 64 trials with 7586
patients were included. There was no difference in all cause fatality (relative
risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.06). 12 studies compared the same
beta lactam (1.02, 0.76 to 1.38), and 31 studies compared different beta
lactams (0.85, 0.69 to 1.05). Clinical failure was more common with combination
treatment overall (0.87, 0.78 to 0.97) and among studies comparing different
beta lactams (0.76, 0.68 to 0.86). There was no advantage to combination
therapy among patients with Gram negative infections (1835 patients) or
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (426 patients). There was no difference in
the rate of development of resistance. Nephrotoxicity was significantly more
common with combination therapy (0.36, 0.28 to 0.47). Heterogeneity was not
significant for these comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of sepsis the
addition of an aminoglycoside to beta lactams should be discouraged. Fatality
remains unchanged, while the risk for adverse events is increased. N. Ref:: 26
----------------------------------------------------
[3]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunopathogenesis and
immunotherapy in AIDS virus infections.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Med 2003 Jul;9(7):861-6.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nm0703-861
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Letvin NL; Walker BD
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth
Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The heterogeneity of HIV and the different
human leukocyte antigen (HLA) backgrounds of infected individuals have posed
challenges to understanding the pathogenesis of HIV infection. But continuing
advances in our knowledge of the role of immune responses in controlling HIV
viremia should help to define goals for immune-based therapies and vaccine
strategies against AIDS. N.
Ref:: 106
----------------------------------------------------
[4]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Integration of growth
factor and nutrient signaling: implications for cancer biology.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mol Cell 2003 Aug;12(2):271-80.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Shamji AF; Nghiem P; Schreiber SL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Harvard Biophysics Program, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Signaling networks that promote cell
growth are frequently dysregulated in cancer. One regulatory network, which
converges on effectors such as 4EBP1 and S6K1, leads to growth by promoting
protein synthesis. Here, we discuss how this network is regulated by both
extracellular signals, such as growth factors, and intracellular signals, such
as nutrients. We discuss how mutations amplifying either type of signal can
lead to tumor formation. In particular, we focus on the recent discovery that a
tumor suppressor complex whose function is lost in tuberous sclerosis patients
regulates the nutrient signal carried by the critical signaling protein TOR to
the effectors 4EBP1 and S6K1. Finally, we describe how the small molecule
rapamycin, which inhibits TOR and thereby the activation of these effectors,
could be useful to treat tumors that have become dependent upon this pathway
for growth. N. Ref:: 80
----------------------------------------------------
[5]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Defying death—HIV
mutation to evade cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - N Engl J Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://content.nejm.org/
●●
Cita: New England J Medicine (NEJM): <> 2002 Oct 10;347(15):1203-4.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1056/NEJMcibr022067
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lieberman J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Center for Blood Research, Boston, MA
02115, USA. N. Ref:: 5
----------------------------------------------------
[6]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetic and functional
relationships between MHC and NK receptor genes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Sep;15(3):363-74.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Trowsdale J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Immunology Division, Pathology Department,
University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - HLA class I and NK receptors are encoded
within dense clusters of immune loci. The MHC, at 6p21.3, and the complex
containing the KIR loci, at 19q13.4, both feature variation in the number of
genes, as well as sequence polymorphism. In addition to T cell receptors,
several variable class I-related molecules interact with polymorphic NK
receptors. Some of the lectin-related NK receptor genes, at 12p13.1, also have
ligands belonging to the extended class I family. The expanding clusters of
class I-related sequences and their receptors, some of which evolved recently,
reveal further complexity in immune recognition of disease. N. Ref:: 85
----------------------------------------------------
[7]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells:
emerging pharmacological targets of immunosuppressive drugs.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2004 Jan;4(1):24-34.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1256
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Hackstein H; Thomson AW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute for Clinical Immunology and
Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Langhansstr. 7, D-35392
Giessen, Germany. holger.hackstein@immunologie.med.uni-giessen.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Immunosuppressive drugs have
revolutionized organ transplantation and improved the therapeutic management of
autoimmune diseases. The development of immunosuppressive drugs and
understanding of their action traditionally has been focused on lymphocytes,
but recent evidence indicates that these agents interfere with immune responses
at the earliest stage, targeting key functions of dendritic cells (DCs). Here,
we review our present understanding of how classical and new immunosuppressive
agents interfere with DC development and function. This knowledge might provide
a rational basis for the selection of immunosuppressive drugs in different
clinical settings and for the generation of tolerogenic DCs in the
laboratory. N. Ref:: 116
----------------------------------------------------
[8]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Impact of shared
epitope genotype and ethnicity on erosive disease: a meta-analysis of 3,240
rheumatoid arthritis patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2004 Feb;50(2):400-12.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/art.20006
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gorman JD; Lum RF; Chen JJ; Suarez-Almazor
ME; Thomson G; Criswell LA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of California, San Francisco,
CA 94143-0500, USA. lac@itsa.ucsf.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: The strongest known genetic
association in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is with HLA-DRB1 alleles that share a
similar amino acid sequence, termed the shared epitope (SE). Although many studies
have examined the association of the SE with disease severity, the results have
been inconsistent, which may reflect the relatively small sample sizes or
ethnic differences. The aim of this study was to assess the association of
HLA-DRB1 SE alleles and genotype with the development of bony erosions in RA by
meta-analysis. METHODS: We identified English-language articles published
between January 1, 1987 and June 1, 1999 through Medline, EMBase, and manual
searches of 6 relevant journals. Included were studies in which molecular
typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles was performed and in which the presence or absence
of bony erosions was reported. Data were extracted from the studies, and
erosions were coded as present or absent. Authors were contacted for missing information
and data on individual patients. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies and 3,240
patients were available for analysis. The summary odds ratios (ORs), when all
patients were evaluated as a single group, demonstrated a significant
association of the presence of the SE (2 or 1 versus 0 SE alleles) with
erosions (OR 2.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.8-2.2), although
significant heterogeneity was present (P = 0.002). Subgroup analyses
demonstrated the important influence of ethnic background. For example, no
association of the SE with erosions was demonstrated in Greeks (OR 0.8 [95% CI
0.2-1.5]). In contrast, there was a striking dose-dependent relationship in
southern European Caucasians and Asians, with ORs as high as 6.2 and 5.4,
respectively, in patients with 2 SE alleles. Although our ability to assess the
relationship between SE genotype and erosions was limited, particular
importance of the DRB1*0401 SE allele was suggested in an analysis restricted
to northern European Caucasians. CONCLUSION: The SE is associated with the
development of erosive disease in many ethnic groups; however, striking
exceptions exist. These variations may be due to allele differences between
populations, such as the frequency of DRB1*0401 among different ethnic groups.
Further study to better understand the genetic and environmental differences
between these populations may provide insight into mechanisms that influence
the clinical expression of RA.
----------------------------------------------------
[9]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Routes to transplant
tolerance versus rejection; the role of cytokines.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2004 Feb;20(2):121-31.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Walsh PT; Strom TB; Turka LA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of Pennsylvania, 700 Clinical
Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The alloimmune response can be divided
into specific junctures where critical decisions between tolerance and immunity
are made which define the outcome of the transplant. At these “decision nodes”
various cytokines direct alloresponsive T cells to develop either a
proinflammatory response aimed at graft destruction or an immunoregulatory
response facilitating graft acceptance. This review will focus on the role of
these cytokines in influencing the progression of an alloimmune response
leading ultimately to either allograft survival or rejection. N. Ref:: 97
----------------------------------------------------
[10]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Microchimerism: an
investigative frontier in autoimmunity and transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - JAMA. Acceso gratuito al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://jama.ama-assn.org/search.dtl
●●
Cita: JAMA: <> 2004 Mar 3;291(9):1127-31.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1001/jama.291.9.1127
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Adams KM; Nelson JL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Program in Human Immunogenetics, Clinical
Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
98109-1024, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Recent studies indicate cells transfer
between fetus and mother during pregnancy and can persist in both decades
later. The presence within one individual of a small population of cells from
another genetically distinct individual is referred to as microchimerism.
Naturally acquired microchimerism has recently been investigated in autoimmune
diseases, including scleroderma, thyroiditis, primary biliary cirrhosis,
Sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus, dermatomyositis, and neonatal lupus. Iatrogenic
chimerism has been investigated in transplantation and following blood
transfusion. Considering findings of naturally acquired microchimerism along
with iatrogenic microchimerism suggests microchimerism can have detrimental
and/or beneficial effects in both settings. Recent identification of
tissue-specific microchimerism either from naturally acquired or iatrogenic
microchimerism (eg, cardiac myocytes) raises the possibility that
microchimerism can be a target of autoimmunity or alternatively contribute to
tissue repair. Advances in this new frontier of research with varied and
numerous implications for human health are summarized. N. Ref:: 26
----------------------------------------------------
[11]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The allogeneic response
and tumor immunity.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Med 2001 Jun;7(6):649-52.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/89008
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Fabre JW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute
of Liver Studies Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ School of Medicine, London, UK. john.fabre@kcl.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The strong allogeneic response to donor
MHC molecules in transplantation and the weak response to tumor antigens
represent two important and divergent but potentially interactive immune
responses. A patient’s response to allogeneic MHC molecules might promote an
effective T-cell response to self MHC-restricted tumor peptides and the
possibilities for this are discussed here. These allogeneic responses might
successfully be harnessed to promote the immune eradication of metastatic
cancer. N. Ref:: 45
----------------------------------------------------
[12]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Haematopoietic cell
transplantation as immunotherapy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nature 2001 May 17;411(6835):385-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35077251
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Appelbaum FR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Clinical Research Division, Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D5-310, PO Box
19024, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The graft-versus-tumour effect seen after
allogeneic (genetically different) haematopoietic cell transplantation for
human malignancies represents the clearest example of the power of the human
immune system to eradicate cancer. Recent advances in our understanding of the
immunobiology of stem-cell engraftment, tolerance and tumour eradication are
allowing clinicians to better harness this powerful effect. N. Ref:: 60
----------------------------------------------------
[13]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Lack of association of
the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope with rheumatoid nodules: an individual patient data
meta-analysis of 3,272 Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2004 Mar;50(3):753-62.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/art.20119
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gorman JD; David-Vaudey E; Pai M; Lum RF;
Criswell LA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of California, San Francisco,
and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this
individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to examine the relationship of
rheumatoid nodules to the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and to individual SE
genotypes. METHODS: English-language studies that enrolled adult non-Hispanic
Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified by searches
of Medline and Embase, and by manual searches of medical journals. All authors
were contacted for IPD. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the association
of SE presence, dose, and genotype with rheumatoid nodules. Meta-analyses
adjusted for disease duration and cumulative meta-analyses were also performed
to assess the influence of RA duration and year of study publication on the
results. RESULTS: A total of 24 studies and 3,272 patients were available for
analysis. IPD were obtained for 22 of the studies. There was a nonsignificant
association between the presence of the SE (i.e., 1 or 2 alleles versus 0
alleles) and rheumatoid nodules (summary odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence
interval [95% CI] 0.97-1.6). Analysis by SE genotype, however, demonstrated a
weak relationship with inheritance of a single DRB1*0401 SE allele (OR 1.4, 95%
CI 1.1-1.8). No other genotypes achieved statistical significance in the
adjusted or unadjusted analyses. CONCLUSION: The presence of the HLA-DRB1 SE
does not appear to significantly increase the risk of rheumatoid nodules among
Caucasian patients with RA. Analysis by DRB1 SE genotype was uninformative,
suggesting only a potential (and at most modest) role of the DRB1*0401 SE
allele. Results from this IPD meta-analysis implicate other genetic,
stochastic, and/or environmental factors in the susceptibility to rheumatoid
nodules.
----------------------------------------------------
[14]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells in
immunity and tolerance-do they display opposite functions?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2003 Jul;19(1):5-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Moser M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale,
Institut de Biologie et Medecine Moleculaires, Universite Libre de Bruxelles,
6041, Gosselies, Belgium. mmoser@ulb.ac.be
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - It was recently proposed that cells of the
dendritic family not only control immunity but also maintain tolerance to
self-antigens, two complementary functions that would ensure the integrity of
the organism in an environment full of pathogens. As they express a variety of
receptors that specifically recognize microbial products, DCs are able to
discriminate between self and nonself and may therefore enable the immune
system to mount potent effector activity to pathogens while silencing
self-reactive lymphocytes. N.
Ref:: 22
----------------------------------------------------
[15]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetic control of MHC
class II expression.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cell 2002 Apr;109 Suppl:S21-33.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ting JP; Trowsdale J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology and Immunology
and The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. panyun@med.unc.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The presentation of peptides to T cells by
MHC class II molecules is of critical importance in specific recognition by the
immune system. Expression of class II molecules is exquisitely controlled at
the transcriptional level. A large set of proteins interact with the promoters
of class II genes. The most important of these is CIITA, a master controller
that orchestrates expression but does not bind directly to the promoter. The
transcriptosome complex formed at class II promoters is a model for induction
of gene expression. N.
Ref:: 108
----------------------------------------------------
[16]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interferon-gamma
reduces interleukin-4- and interleukin-13-augmented transforming growth
factor-beta2 production in human bronchial epithelial cells by targeting Smads.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Chest. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.chestjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Chest: <> 2003 Mar;123(3 Suppl):372S-3S.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Wen FQ; Liu XD; Terasaki Y; Fang QH;
Kobayashi T; Abe S; Rennard SI
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Section, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5125, USA. N. Ref:: 0
----------------------------------------------------
[17]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - When the lymphocyte
loses its clothes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2003 Apr;18(4):453-7.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nekrep N; Fontes JD; Geyer M; Peterlin BM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty
of the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The type II bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS)
or major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) deficiency is a severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that is characterized by the absence of
constitutive and inducible expression of MHCII determinants on immune cells.
Four complementation groups of BLS have been defined, and they result from
mutations in DNA-bound activators and the coactivator for MHCII transcription.
Recently, all complementation groups of BLS patients have been accounted for.
Studies of the syndrome and specific mutations reveal important lessons for the
genetics of the immune response. N.
Ref:: 35
----------------------------------------------------
[18]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Ex vivo selection of
recipient-type alloantigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells for
the control of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell
transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S32-4.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106470.07410.CA
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Trenado A; Fisson S; Braunberger E;
Klatzmann D; Salomon BL; Cohen JL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Biologie et Therapeutique des Pathologies
Immunitaires, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell
transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for many malignant and
nonmalignant hematologic disorders. Donor T cells present in the hematopoietic
stem-cell transplant improve engraftment and immune reconstitution and
contribute to the graft-versus-leukemia effect, but are also responsible for
the life-threatening graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CD4(+)CD25(+)
immunoregulatory T cells, which play a pivotal role in preventing
organ-specific diseases, can also modulate GVHD if administered in equal
numbers of T cells at the time of grafting. In this article, the authors
describe a procedure of ex vivo selection and expansion of regulatory T cells
specific for recipient-type alloantigens. These expanded regulatory T cells
controlled GVHD. Their therapeutic use in HSCT should allow specific
suppression of the activation of donor alloreactive T cells involved in GVHD
while preserving the beneficial effects of other T cells. N. Ref:: 27
----------------------------------------------------
[19]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Hemochromatosis gene
modifies course of hepatitis C viral infection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gastroenterology 2003 May;124(5):1509-23.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Pietrangelo A
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Internal Medicine, Centre
for Hemochromatosis and Metabolic Liver Diseases, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, Modeno, Italy. antonello@unimore.it N. Ref:: 161
----------------------------------------------------
[20]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - T cell receptor-MHC
interactions up close.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cell 2001 Jan 12;104(1):1-4.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Hennecke J; Wiley DC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Molecular and Cellular
Biology, Harvard University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA
02138, USA. hennecke@crystal.harvard.edu N. Ref:: 18
----------------------------------------------------
[21]
- Castellano -
TÍTULO / TITLE:La ruta de senalizacion CA++/calcineurina/NFAT
en activacion endotelial y angiogenesis: efectos de la ciclosporina A. CA++/
calcineurin/NFAT signaling in endothelial activation and angiogenesis: effects
od cyclosporin A .
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nefrologia. Acceso gratuito al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.aulamedica.es/nefrologia/
●●
Cita: Nefrologia: <> 2003;23 Suppl 3:44-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Quesada AJ; Redondo JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
y Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Sinesio Delgado,
4 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid. jmredondo@cbm.uam.es N. Ref:: 31
----------------------------------------------------
[22]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulating the immune
response to transplants. a role for CD4+ regulatory cells?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):399-406.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Waldmann H; Cobbold S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Sir William Dunn School of Pathology,
University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. herman.waldmann@path.ox.ac.uk N. Ref:: 50
----------------------------------------------------
[23]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A purgative mastery.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nature 2001 Aug 16;412(6848):685-6.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35089152
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nossal GJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, University of
Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. N.
Ref:: 3
----------------------------------------------------
[24]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells in
transplantation—friend or foe?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):357-68.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lechler R; Ng WF; Steinman RM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunology, Division of
Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College School of Medicine, Du Cane
Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom. r.lechler@ic.ac.uk N. Ref:: 80
----------------------------------------------------
[25]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Disease modifying
therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology
Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council
for Clinical Practice Guidelines.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Neurology 2002 Jan 22;58(2):169-78.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Goodin DS; Frohman EM; Garmany GP Jr;
Halper J; Likosky WH; Lublin FD; Silberberg DH; Stuart WH; van den Noort S
----------------------------------------------------
[26]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Hepatic T cells and
liver tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Jan;3(1):51-62.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri981
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Crispe IN
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The David H Smith Center for Vaccine
Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The
University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. Nick_Crispe@urmc.rochester.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The T-cell biology of the liver is unlike
that of any other organ. The local lymphocyte population is enriched in natural
killer (NK) and NKT cells, which might have crucial roles in the recruitment of
circulating T cells. A large macrophage population and the efficient
trafficking of dendritic cells from sinusoidal blood to lymph promote antigen
trapping and T-cell priming, but the local presentation of antigen causes
T-cell inactivation, tolerance and apoptosis. These local mechanisms might
result from the need to maintain immunological silence to harmless antigenic
material in food. The overall bias of intrahepatic T-cell responses towards
tolerance might account for the survival of liver allografts and for the
persistence of some liver pathogens. N.
Ref:: 169
----------------------------------------------------
[27]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Identification of TOR
signaling complexes: more TORC for the cell growth engine.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cell 2002 Oct 4;111(1):9-12.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Abraham RT
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Program in Signal Transduction Research,
Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road,
La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. abraham@burnham.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) proteins
function in signaling pathways that promote protein synthesis and cell growth.
In yeast, TOR signaling is regulated by nutrient availability, whereas in metazoan
cells TOR activities may be controlled by both nutrients and growth factors.
The recent identification of novel TOR-interacting proteins has provided
crucial insights into TOR regulation and function. N. Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[28]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Nystatin prophylaxis
and treatment in severely immunodepressed patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2002;(4):CD002033.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gotzsche PC; Johansen HK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Nordic Cochrane Centre,
Rigshospitalet, Dept. 7112, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen O, Denmark, 2100. p.c.gotzsche@cochrane.dk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Nystatin is sometimes used
prophylactically in patients with severe immunodeficiency or in the treatment
of fungal infection in such patients, although the effect seems to be
equivocal. OBJECTIVES: To study whether nystatin decreases morbidity and
mortality when given prophylactically or therapeutically to patients with
severe immunodeficiency. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library
using a comprehensive search strategy, date of last search November 2001.
Contacted industry and scanned reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised
trials comparing nystatin with placebo, an untreated control group, fluconazole
or amphotericin B. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data on mortality, invasive
fungal infection and colonisation were extracted by both authors independently.
A random effects model was used unless p>0.10 for the test of heterogeneity.
MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials (1,464 patients). The drugs were given
prophylactically in ten trials and as treatment in two. Seven trials were in
acute leukaemia, two in cancer, one in liver transplant patients, one in
critically ill surgical and trauma patients, and one in AIDS patients. Nystatin
had been compared with placebo in three trials and with fluconazole in nine;
the dose varied from 1.5 MIE to 72 MIE daily. The effect of nystatin was similar
to that of placebo on fungal colonisation (relative risk 0.85, 95% confidence
interval 0.65 to 1.13). There was no statistically significant difference
between fluconazole and nystatin on mortality (relative risk 0.76, 0.49 to
1.18) whereas fluconazole was more effective in preventing invasive fungal
infection (relative risk 0.37, 0.15 to 0.91) and colonisation (relative risk
0.49, 0.34 to 0.70). The results were very similar if the three studies which
were not performed in cancer patients were excluded. REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS:
Nystatin cannot be recommended for prophylaxis or treatment of Candida
infections in immunodepressed patients.
N. Ref:: 22
----------------------------------------------------
[29]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immune tolerance after
long-term enzyme-replacement therapy among patients who have
mucopolysaccharidosis I.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2003 May 10;361(9369):1608-13.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kakavanos R; Turner CT; Hopwood JJ; Kakkis
ED; Brooks DA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit,
Department of Chemical Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Enzyme-replacement therapy has
been assessed as a treatment for patients who have mucopolysaccharidosis I
(alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency). We aimed to investigate the humoral immune
response to recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase among these patients.
METHODS: We characterised the antibody titres and specific linear sequence
epitope reactivity of serum antibodies to alpha-L-iduronidase for ten patients
with mucopolysaccharidosis I, at the start of treatment and after 6, 12, 26,
52, and 104 weeks. We compared the values for patients’ samples with those for
samples from normal human controls. FINDINGS: Before enzyme-replacement
therapy, all patients had low serum antibody titres to recombinant human
alpha-L-iduronidase that were within the control range. Five of the ten
patients produced higher-than-normal titres of antibody to the replacement
protein during the treatment course (serum antibody titres 130000-500000 and
high-affinity epitope reactivity). However, by week 26, antibody reactivity was
reduced, and by week 104 all patients had low antibody titres and only
low-affinity epitope reactivity. Patients who had mucopolysaccharidosis I with
antibody titres within the normal range at 6-12 weeks did not subsequently
develop immune responses. INTERPRETATION: After 2 years of treatment, patients
who initially had an immune reaction developed immune tolerance to
alpha-L-iduronidase. This finding has positive implications for long-term
enzyme-replacement therapy in patients who have mucopolysaccharidosis I. N. Ref:: 32
----------------------------------------------------
[30]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interleukin-2 receptor
monoclonal antibodies in renal transplantation: meta-analysis of randomised
trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - British Medical J (BMJ). Acceso gratuito
al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://bmj.com/search.dtl
●●
Cita: British Medical J. (BMJ): <> 2003 Apr 12;326(7393):789.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1136/bmj.326.7393.789
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Adu D; Cockwell P; Ives NJ; Shaw J;
Wheatley K
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Nephrology, Queen Elizabeth
Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH. dwomoa.adu@uhb.nhs.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of
interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies on acute rejection episodes, graft
loss, deaths, and rate of infection and malignancy in patients with renal
transplants. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of published data. DATA SOURCES: Medline,
Embase, and Cochrane library for years 1996-2003 plus search of medical
editors’ trial amnesty and contact with manufacturers of the antibodies.
SELECTION OF STUDIES: Randomised controlled trials comparing interleukin-2
receptor antibodies with placebo or no additional treatment in patients with
renal transplants receiving ciclosporin based immunosuppression. RESULTS: Eight
randomised controlled trials involving 1871 patients met the selection criteria
(although only 1858 patients were analysed). Interleukin-2 receptor antibodies
significantly reduced the risk of acute rejection (odds ratio 0.51, 95%
confidence interval 0.42 to 0.63). There were no significant differences in the
rate of graft loss (0.78, 0.58 to 1.04), mortality (0.75, 0.46 to 1.23), overall
incidence of infections (0.97, 0.77 to 1.24), incidence of cytomegalovirus
infections (0.81, 0.62 to 1.04), or risk of malignancies at one year (0.82,
0.39 to 1.70). The different antibodies had a similar sized effect on acute
rejection (test for heterogeneity P=0.7): anti-Tac (0.37, 0.16 to 0.89), BT563
(0.37, 0.1 to 1.38), basiliximab (0.56, 0.44 to 0.72), and daclizumab (0.46,
0.32 to 0.67). The reduction in acute rejections was similar for all
ciclosporin based immunosuppression regimens (test for heterogeneity P=1.0).
CONCLUSIONS: Adding interleukin-2 receptor antibodies to ciclosporin based
immunosuppression reduces episodes of acute rejection at six months by 49%.
There is no evidence of an increased risk of infective complications. Longer
follow up studies are needed to confirm whether interleukin-2 receptor
antibodies improve long term graft and patient survival.
----------------------------------------------------
[31]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Stress management: MHC
class I and class I-like molecules as reporters of cellular stress.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2003 Oct;19(4):469-77.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gleimer M; Parham P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Program in Immunology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The evolutionarily ancient intracellular
stress response protects cells from the effects of external and internal forces
which perturb cellular metabolism. Members of the major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) class I-like superfamily act as cell surface indicators of the
intracellular stress response. Cellular immunity employs these indicators as a
cue for elimination of damaged, infected, and malignant cells, promoting the
health of the individual and the evolutionary success of the species. N. Ref:: 77
----------------------------------------------------
[32]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulatory T cells in
transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Mar;3(3):199-210.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1027
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Wood KJ; Sakaguchi S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Nuffield Department of Surgery, University
of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. kathryn.wood@nds.ox.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The identification and characterization of
regulatory T (T(Reg)) cells that can control immune responsiveness to
alloantigens have opened up exciting opportunities for new therapies in
transplantation. After exposure to alloantigens in vivo, alloantigen-specific
immunoregulatory activity is enriched in a population of CD4+ T cells that
express high levels of CD25. In vivo, common mechanisms seem to underpin the
activity of CD4+CD25+ T(Reg) cells in both naive and manipulated hosts.
However, the origin, allorecognition properties and molecular basis for the
suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ T(Reg) cells, as well as their relationship
to other populations of regulatory cells that exist after transplantation,
remain a matter of debate. N.
Ref:: 138
----------------------------------------------------
[33]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interleukin 2 receptor
antagonists for renal transplant recipients: a meta-analysis of randomized
trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 27;77(2):166-76.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000109643.32659.C4
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Webster AC; Playford EG; Higgins G;
Chapman JR; Craig JC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Cochrane Renal Group, Centre for Kidney
Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Interleukin 2 receptor
antagonists (IL-2Ra) are increasingly used to treat renal transplant
recipients. This study aims to systematically identify and summarize the
effects of using IL-2Ra as induction immunosuppression, as an addition to
standard therapy, or as an alternative to other antibody therapy. METHODS:
Databases, reference lists, and abstracts of conference proceedings were
searched extensively to identify relevant randomized controlled trials in all
languages. Data were synthesized using the random effects model. Results are
expressed as relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A
total of 117 reports from 38 trials involving 4,893 participants were included.
When IL-2Ra were compared with placebo (17 trials; 2,786 patients), graft loss
was not significantly different at 1 year (14 trials: RR 0.84; CI 0.64-1.10) or
3 years (4 trials: RR 1.08; CI 0.71-1.64). Acute rejection was significantly
reduced at 6 months (12 trials: RR 0.66; CI 0.59-0.74) and at 1 year (10
trials: RR 0.67; CI 0.60-0.75). At 1 year, cytomegalovirus infection (7 trials:
RR 0.82; CI 0.65-1.03) and malignancy (9 trials: RR 0.67; CI 0.33-1.36) were
not significantly different. When IL-2Ra were compared with other antibody
therapy, no significant differences in treatment effects were demonstrated, but
IL-2Ra had significantly fewer side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Given a 40% risk of
rejection, seven patients would need treatment with IL-2Ra in addition to
standard therapy, to prevent one patient from undergoing rejection, with no
definite improvement in graft or patient survival. There is no apparent
difference between basiliximab and daclizumab.
----------------------------------------------------
[34]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Tolerance and
autoimmunity.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - N Engl J Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://content.nejm.org/
●●
Cita: New England J Medicine (NEJM): <> 2001 Mar 1;344(9):655-64.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kamradt T; Mitchison NA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin
and Universitatsklinikum Charite, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt
Rheumatologie and Klinische Immunologie, Germany. kamradt@drfz.de N. Ref:: 151
----------------------------------------------------
[35]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Organ-specific
autoimmune disease: a deficiency of tolerogenic stimulation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Exp Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jem.org/
●●
Cita: J. Exp Med: <> 2001 Sep 3;194(5):F31-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lesage S; Goodnow CC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Australian Cancer Research Foundation
Genetics Lab, Medical Genome Centre, John Curtin School of Medical Research,
Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. N.
Ref:: 35
----------------------------------------------------
[36]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetic interaction of
CTLA-4 with HLA-DR15 in multiple sclerosis patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Neurol 2003 Jul;54(1):119-22.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ana.10617
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Alizadeh M; Babron MC; Birebent B; Matsuda
F; Quelvennec E; Liblau R; Cournu-Rebeix I; Momigliano-Richiardi P; Sequeiros
J; Yaouanq J; Genin E; Vasilescu A; Bougerie H; Trojano M; Martins Silva B;
Maciel P; Clerget-Darpoux F; Clanet M; Edan G; Fontaine B; Semana G
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratoire Universitaire d’Immunologie
(UPRES EA 1257, IFR 97) and Etablissement Francais du Sang Bretagne, Faculte de
Medecine, Rennes, France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Multiple sclerosis is a chronic
inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a genetic component.
Until now, the more consistent association with the disease is found with the
major histocompatibility complex, especially HLA-DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype.
In this report, we demonstrate the interaction of Cytotoxic T
Lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4 [CD152]) gene with DRB1*15 haplotype in
multiple sclerosis genetic susceptibility. Our data were obtained from two
European independent family-based studies including 610 multiple sclerosis
family trios. Ann Neurol 2003;54:119-122
N. Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[37]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Novel therapeutic
molecular targets for prostate cancer: the mTOR signaling pathway and epidermal
growth factor receptor.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Urol 2004 Feb;171(2 Pt 2):S41-3;
discussion S44.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.ju.0000108100.53239.b7
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Tolcher AW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Director Clinical Research, Institute for
Drug Development Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - PURPOSE: The scientific rationale and
existing evidence for the use of novel molecular targets in the chemoprevention
of cancer are reviewed, with special attention to prostate cancer. MATERIALS
AND METHODS: A search for relevant literature on basic science and clinical
trials was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE. RESULTS: The emergence of
molecularly targeted therapies for advanced malignancies creates an important
opportunity to examine these agents for the chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
Two critical targets in the proliferation and malignant transformation of
normal cells, the PI3/Akt signal transduction pathway and the epidermal growth
factor receptor, are currently the focus of several novel investigational
therapies that are in late stage phase II and phase III studies. CONCLUSIONS:
Research to date supports consideration of these novel molecular targets as
future agents in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer. N. Ref:: 28
----------------------------------------------------
[38]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Tolerogenic dendritic
cells induced by vitamin D receptor ligands enhance regulatory T cells
inhibiting allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Cell Biochem 2003 Feb 1;88(2):227-33.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/jcb.10340
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Adorini L; Penna G; Giarratana N;
Uskokovic M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - BioXell, SpA, 20132 Milano, Italy. luciano.adorini@bioxell.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells (DCs) not only induce but
also modulate T cell activation. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)]
induces DCs with a tolerogenic phenotype, characterized by decreased expression
of CD40, CD80, and CD86 costimulatory molecules, low IL-12 and enhanced IL-10
secretion. We have found that a short treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) induces
tolerance to fully mismatched mouse islet allografts that is stable to
challenge with donor-type spleen cells and allows acceptance of donor-type
vascularized heart grafts. This effect is enhanced by co-administration of
mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a selective inhibitor of T and B cell
proliferation that has also effects similar to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on DCs. Graft
acceptance is associated with an increased percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)
regulatory cells in the spleen and in the draining lymph node that can protect
100% of syngeneic recipients from islet allograft rejection. CD4(+)CD25(+)
cells, able to inhibit the T cell response to a pancreatic autoantigen and to
significantly delay disease transfer by pathogenic CD4(+)CD25(-) cells, are
also induced by treatment of adult nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with 1,25-dihydroxy-16,23Z-diene-26,27-hexafluoro-19-nor
vitamin D(3) (BXL-698). This treatment arrests progression of insulitis and Th1
cell infiltration, and inhibits diabetes development at non-hypercalcemic
doses. The enhancement of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, able to mediate
transplantation tolerance and to arrest type 1 diabetes development by a short
oral treatment with VDR ligands, suggests possible clinical applications of
this approach. N.
Ref:: 41
----------------------------------------------------
[39]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immune activation:
death, danger and dendritic cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Biol 2004 Jan 6;14(1):R30-2.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Pulendran B
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Emory Vaccine Center, 954 Gatewood Road,
Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. bpulend@rmy.emory.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells are critical for host
immunity, and sense microbes with pathogen recognition receptors. New evidence
indicates that these cells also sense uric acid crystals in dead cells,
suggesting that the immune system is conscious not only of pathogens, but also
of death and danger. N.
Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[40]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - T cell death and
transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):407-16.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Li XC; Strom TB; Turka LA; Wells AD
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. N. Ref:: 50
----------------------------------------------------
[41]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Natural versus adaptive
regulatory T cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Mar;3(3):253-7.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1032
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bluestone JA; Abbas AK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Diabetes Research Center, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. jbluest@diabetes.ucsf.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The regulation of immune responses to
self-antigens is a complex process that involves maintaining self-tolerance
while retaining the capacity to mount robust immune responses against invading
microorganisms. Over the past few years, many new insights into this process
have been gained, leading to the re-emergence of the idea that regulatory T
(T(Reg)) cells are a central mechanism of immune regulation. These insights
have raised fundamental questions concerning what constitutes a T(Reg) cell,
where they develop and what signals maintain T(Reg)-cell populations in a
functional state. Here, we propose the existence of two subsets of CD4+ T(Reg)
cells—natural and adaptive—that differ in terms of their development,
specificity, mechanism of action and dependence on T-cell receptor and
co-stimulatory signalling. N.
Ref:: 37
----------------------------------------------------
[42]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pathways for
self-tolerance and the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2001 Jun 30;357(9274):2115-21.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Goodnow CC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Australian Cancer Research Foundation,
Genetics Laboratory, Medical Genome Centre, John Curtin School of Medical
Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Antigen delivers both immunogenic and
tolerogenic signals to lymphocytes. The outcome of antigen exposure represents
a complex integration of the timing of antigen binding with signals from many
other immunogenic and tolerogenic costimulatory pathways. A road map of these
signalling pathways is only beginning to be charted, revealing the mechansim of
action and limitations of current immunotherapeutic agents and the points of
attack for new agents. Ciclosporin and tacrolimus interfere with tolerogenic
signals from antigen in addition to blocking immunogenic signals, thus
preventing active establishment of tolerance. Corticosteroids inhibit a key
immunogenic pathway, NFkappaB, and more specific inhibitors of this pathway may
allow tolerance to be actively established while immune responses are blocked.
New experimental therapies aim to mimic tolerogenic antigen signals by
chronically stimulating antigen receptors with antigen or antibodies to the
receptor, or aim to block costimulatory pathways involving CD40 ligand, B7, or
interleukin 2. Obtaining the desired response with these strategies is
unpredictable because many of these signals have both tolerogenic and
immunogenic roles. The cause of autoimune diseases has been determined for
several rare monogenic disorders, revealing inherited deficiencies in
tolerogenic costimulatory pathways such as FAS. Common autoimmune disorders may
have a biochemically related pathogenesis.
N. Ref:: 52
----------------------------------------------------
[43]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - A randomized long-term
trial of tacrolimus/sirolimus versus tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil versus
cyclosporine (NEORAL)/sirolimus in renal transplantation. II. Survival,
function, and protocol compliance at 1 year.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 27;77(2):252-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000101495.22734.07
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ciancio G; Burke GW; Gaynor JJ; Mattiazzi
A; Roth D; Kupin W; Nicolas M; Ruiz P; Rosen A; Miller J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation,
University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA. gciancio@med.miami.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: In an attempt to reduce
chronic calcineurin inhibitor induced allograft nephropathy in first cadaver
and human leukocyte antigen non-identical living-donor renal transplantation,
sirolimus (Siro) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was tested as adjunctive
therapy, with planned dose reductions of tacrolimus (Tacro) over the first year
postoperatively. Adjunctive Siro therapy with a similar dose reduction
algorithm for Neoral (Neo) was included for comparison. METHODS: The detailed
dose reduction plan (Tacro and Siro, group A; Tacro and MMF, group B; Neo and
Siro, group C) is described in our companion report in this issue of
Transplantation. The present report documents function, patient and graft
survival, protocol compliance, and adverse events. RESULTS: As mentioned (in
companion report), group demographics were similar. The present study shows no
significant differences in 1-year patient and graft survival but does show a
trend that points to more difficulties in group C by way of a rising slope of
serum creatinine concentration (P=0.02) and decreasing creatinine clearance
(P=0.04). There were more patients who discontinued the protocol plan in group
C. Thus far, no posttransplant lymphomas have appeared, and infectious
complications have not differed among the groups. However, a greater percentage
of patients in group C were placed on antihyperlipidemia therapy, with an
(unexpected) trend toward a higher incidence of posttransplant diabetes
mellitus in this group. Group A required fewer, and group B the fewest,
antihyperlipidemia therapeutic interventions (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: This
1-year interim analysis of a long-term, prospective, randomized
renal-transplant study indicates that decreasing maintenance dosage of Tacro
with adjunctive Siro or MMF appears to point to improved long-term function,
with reasonably few adverse events.
----------------------------------------------------
[44]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Depletion of host
reactive T cells by photodynamic cell purging and prevention of graft versus
host disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Leuk Lymphoma 2003 Nov;44(11):1871-9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Goggins TF; Chao N
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Hematology-Oncology, Duke University
Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Ste. 1100, Durham, NC 27710, USA. goggi002@mc.duke.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) is the
principal cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic
stem cell transplant. T cell depletion has been recognized as a method of
reducing the incidence of GVHD in allogeneic transplants. Until recently, most
T cell depletion methods were non-selective in reducing lymphocytes. Rhodamine
purging is one method, which selectively reduces alloreactive T cells
preventing GVHD. We review here the methods of non-selective and selective T
cell depletion, particularly the newer method of photodynamic purging utilizing
rhodamine. N. Ref:: 129
----------------------------------------------------
[45]
- Castellano -
TÍTULO / TITLE:Guia de consenso sobre tuberculosis
y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal con infliximab.
Consensus guideline on tuberculosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
with infliximab. Spanish Working Group on Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gastroenterol Hepatol. Acceso gratuito al
texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://db.doyma.es/
●●
Cita: Gastroenterología & Hepatología: <> 2003 Jan;26(1):29-33.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Obrador A; Lopez San Roman A; Munoz P;
Fortun J; Gassull MA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Servicio de Digestivo. Hospital Son
Dureta. Palma de Mallorca. España. N.
Ref:: 19
----------------------------------------------------
[46]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Chemokines, chemokine
receptors, and allograft rejection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):377-86.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nelson PJ; Krensky AM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Medizinishe Poliklinik, Klinikum
Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schillerstrasse 42, 80336, Munich,
Germany. nelson@medpoli.med.uni-muenchen.de N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[47]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The target of rapamycin
(TOR) proteins.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.pnas.org/
●●
Cita: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS): <> 2001 Jun 19;98(13):7037-44.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1073/pnas.121145898
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Raught B; Gingras AC; Sonenberg N
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Biochemistry and McGill
Cancer Centre, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal,
QC H3G 1Y6 Canada.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Rapamycin potently inhibits downstream
signaling from the target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins. These evolutionarily
conserved protein kinases coordinate the balance between protein synthesis and
protein degradation in response to nutrient quality and quantity. The TOR
proteins regulate (i) the initiation and elongation phases of translation, (ii)
ribosome biosynthesis, (iii) amino acid import, (iv) the transcription of
numerous enzymes involved in multiple metabolic pathways, and (v) autophagy.
Intriguingly, recent studies have also suggested that TOR signaling plays a
critical role in brain development, learning, and memory formation. N. Ref:: 132
----------------------------------------------------
[48]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Coeliac disease:
dissecting a complex inflammatory disorder.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2002 Sep;2(9):647-55.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri885
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Sollid LM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet,
University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway. l.m.sollid@labmed.uio.no
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The disease mechanisms of complex
inflammatory disorders are difficult to define because of extensive
interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Coeliac disease is a
typical complex inflammatory disorder, but this disease is unusual in that
crucial genetic and environmental factors have been identified. This knowledge
has allowed functional studies of the predisposing HLA molecules, the
identification of antigenic epitopes and detailed studies of disease-relevant T
cells in coeliac disease. This dissection of the pathogenic mechanisms of
coeliac disease has uncovered principles that are relevant to other chronic
inflammatory diseases. N.
Ref:: 101
----------------------------------------------------
[49]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Alpha E: no more
rejection?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Exp Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jem.org/
●●
Cita: J. Exp Med: <> 2002 Oct 7;196(7):873-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kilshaw PJ; Higgins JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB2
4AT, United Kingdom. peter.kilshaw@bbsrc.ac.uk N. Ref:: 25
----------------------------------------------------
[50]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - HLA DNA typing and
transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):347-56.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Erlich HA; Opelz G; Hansen J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA
94501, USA. henry.erlich@roche.com N. Ref:: 26
----------------------------------------------------
[51]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulation of
translation initiation by FRAP/mTOR.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Genes Dev. Acceso gratuito al texto completo
a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.genesdev.org/
●●
Cita: Genes & Development: <> 2001 Apr 1;15(7):807-26.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1101/gad.887201
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gingras AC; Raught B; Sonenberg N
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Biochemistry, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
N. Ref:: 236
----------------------------------------------------
[52]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Innate immune responses
to transplants: a significant variable with cadaver donors.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):369-76.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Baldwin WM 3rd; Larsen CP;
Fairchild RL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins
Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. wbaldwin@jhmi.edu N. Ref:: 70
----------------------------------------------------
[53]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Mixed chimerism and
transplant tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):417-24.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Sykes M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Bone Marrow Transplantation Section,
Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA. N.
Ref:: 80
----------------------------------------------------
[54]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Chronic rejection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):387-97.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Libby P; Pober JS
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. plibby@rics.bwh.harvard.edu N. Ref:: 60
----------------------------------------------------
[55]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Rapamycin plays a new
role as differentiator of vascular smooth muscle phenotype. focus on “The
mTOR/p70 S6K1 pathway regulates vascular smooth muscle differentiation”.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ajpcell.physiology.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
●●
Cita: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol: <> 2004 Mar;286(3):C480-1.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1152/ajpcell.00526.2003
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lucchesi PA N. Ref:: 12
----------------------------------------------------
[56]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - CD3-specific antibody-induced
active tolerance: from bench to bedside.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Feb;3(2):123-32.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1000
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Chatenoud L
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Centre de l’Association Claude Bernard sur
les Maladies Autoimmunes and Hopital Necker Enfants Malades IRNEM, 161 Rue de
Sevres, 75015 Paris, France. chatenoud@necker.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Although they were used initially as
non-specific immunosuppressants in transplantation, CD3-specific monoclonal
antibodies have elicited renewed interest owing to their capacity to induce
immune tolerance. In mouse models of autoimmune diabetes, CD3-specific
antibodies induce stable disease remission by restoring tolerance to pancreatic
beta-cells. This phenomenon was extended recently to the clinic—preservation of
beta-cell function in recently diagnosed patients with diabetes was achieved by
short-term administration of a CD3-specific antibody. CD3-specific antibodies
arrest ongoing disease by rapidly clearing pathogenic T cells from the target.
Subsequently, they promote long-term T-cell-mediated active tolerance. Recent
data indicate that transforming growth factor-beta-dependent CD4+CD25+
regulatory T cells might have a central role in this effect. N. Ref:: 117
----------------------------------------------------
[57]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Antigen presentation to
naive CD4 T cells in the lymph node.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Immunol 2003 Aug;4(8):733-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/ni957
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Itano AA; Jenkins MK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology and the Center
for Immunology, University of Minnesota, MMC 334, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Although the presentation of peptide-major
histocompatibility complex class II (pMHC class II) complexes to CD4 T cells
has been studied extensively in vitro, knowledge of this process in vivo is
limited. Unlike the in vitro situation, antigen presentation in vivo takes
place within a complex microenvironment in which the movements of antigens,
antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells are governed by anatomic
constraints. Here we review developments in the areas of lymph node
architecture, APC subsets and T cell activation that have shed light on how
antigen presentation occurs in the lymph nodes. N. Ref:: 88
----------------------------------------------------
[58]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Effects of MHC class I
on HIV/SIV disease in primates.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - AIDS 2002;16 Suppl 4:S105-14.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Carrington M; Bontrop RE
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick,
National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. carringt@ncifcrf.gov
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Data indicate that resistance to HIV-1
disease involves an array of contrasting HLA genotypic effects that are subtle,
but significant, particularly when these genetic effects are considered as a
whole. Numerous reports attributing a role for HLA genotype in AIDS outcomes
have been reported, and a few of these have been affirmed in multiple studies.
Functional studies of immune cell recognition have provided clues to the
underlying mechanisms behind some of the strongest HLA associations, suggesting
the means by which relative resistance or susceptibility to the virus may
occur. SIV infection in non-human primates has served as an invaluable model
for understanding AIDS pathogenesis (in rhesus monkeys) and viral resistance
(in chimpanzee). The effect of rhesus MHC class I molecules on the evolution of
SIV has been convincingly described [19], and a recent study in humans has
suggested that selection pressure conferred by HLA molecules is responsible for
specific genetic variation in HIV-1 [114]. HIV-1 may eventually have
conspicuous evolutionary effects on HLA and other AIDS restriction genes, a
prolonged process that could have occurred in chimpanzee [92].To prevent such
an outcome, it will be necessary to approach the disease from many
perspectives, andapply comprehensively the knowledge gained to the successful
control of the virus. N.
Ref:: 114
----------------------------------------------------
[59]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - IL-6: a magic potion
for liver transplantation?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gastroenterology 2003 Jul;125(1):256-9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Selzner M; Graf R; Clavien PA N. Ref:: 42
----------------------------------------------------
[60]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Neuroimmunophilins:
novel neuroprotective and neuroregenerative targets.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Neurol 2001 Jul;50(1):6-16.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Guo X; Dillman JF 3rd; Dawson
VL; Dawson TM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 (tacrolimus)
are immunosuppresants that are widely used in organ transplantation. CsA is an
11-member cyclic peptide, whereas FK506 is a macrolide antibiotic. Recently,
these powerful and useful compounds have become of great interest to
neuroscientists for their unique neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects.
These drugs and nonimmunosuppressive analogs protect neurons from the effects
of glutamate excitotoxicity, focal ischemia, and
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic cell
death. They also stimulate functional recovery of neurons in a variety of
neurologic injury paradigms. These drugs exert their effects via immunophilins,
the protein receptors for these agents. The immunophilin ligands show
particular promise as a novel class of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative
agents that have the potential to treat a variety of neurologic disorders. N. Ref:: 102
----------------------------------------------------
[61]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The TCR triggering
puzzle.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Jun;14(6):665-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van der Merwe PA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Sir William Dunn School of Pathology,
University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. anton.vandermerwe@path.ox.ac.uk N. Ref:: 28
----------------------------------------------------
[62]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Avoiding horror
autotoxicus: the importance of dendritic cells in peripheral T cell tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.pnas.org/
●●
Cita: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS): <> 2002 Jan 8;99(1):351-8. Epub 2002
Jan 2.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1073/pnas.231606698
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Steinman RM; Nussenzweig MC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratories of Cellular Physiology and
Immunology, and Molecular Immunology and Howard Hughes Institute, The
Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA. steinma@mail.rockefeller.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The immune system generally avoids horror
autotoxicus or autoimmunity, an attack against the body’s own constituents.
This avoidance requires that self-reactive T cells be actively silenced or
tolerized. We propose that dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in
establishing tolerance, especially in the periphery, after functioning T cells
have been produced in the thymus. In the steady state, meaning in the absence
of acute infection and inflammation, DCs are in an immature state and not fully
differentiated to carry out their known roles as inducers of immunity.
Nevertheless, immature DCs continuously circulate through tissues and into
lymphoid organs, capturing self antigens as well as innocuous environmental
proteins. Recent experiments have provided direct evidence that antigen-loaded
immature DCs silence T cells either by deleting them or by expanding regulatory
T cells. This capacity of DCs to induce peripheral tolerance can work in two
opposing ways in the context of infection. In acute infection, a beneficial
effect should occur. The immune system would overcome the risk of developing
autoimmunity and chronic inflammation if, before infection, tolerance were
induced to innocuous environmental proteins as well as self antigens captured
from dying infected cells. For chronic or persistent pathogens, a second but
dire potential could take place. Continuous presentation of a pathogen by
immature DCs, HIV-1 for example, may lead to tolerance and active evasion of
protective immunity. The function of DCs in defining immunologic self provides
a new focus for the study of autoimmunity and chronic immune-based diseases. N. Ref:: 186
----------------------------------------------------
[63]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The immunological
barrier to xenotransplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunity 2001 Apr;14(4):437-46.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cascalho M; Platt JL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN 55905, USA. N.
Ref:: 55
----------------------------------------------------
[64]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Gene therapy progress
and prospects: gene therapy in organ transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gene Ther 2003 Apr;10(8):605-11.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/sj.gt.3302020
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bagley J; Iacomini J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Transplantation Biology Research Center,
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129,
USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - One major complication facing organ
transplant recipients is the requirement for life-long systemic
immunosuppression to prevent rejection, which is associated with an increased
incidence of malignancy and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Gene
therapy has the potential to eliminate problems associated with
immunosuppression by allowing the production of immunomodulatory proteins in
the donor grafts resulting in local rather than systemic immunosuppression.
Alternatively, gene therapy approaches could eliminate the requirement for
general immunosuppression by allowing the induction of donor-specific
tolerance. Gene therapy interventions may also be able to prevent graft damage
owing to nonimmune-mediated graft loss or injury and prevent chronic rejection.
This review will focus on recent progress in preventing transplant rejection by
gene therapy. N.
Ref:: 47
----------------------------------------------------
[65]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Suppression of
graft-versus-host disease by naturally occurring regulatory T cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S9-S11.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106475.38978.11
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Zeng D; Lan F; Hoffmann P; Strober S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Rheumatology and Immunology,
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
94305, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Studies of graft-versus-host disease after
allogeneic bone marrow transplantation have shown that there are subsets of
freshly isolated donor T cells that induce the disease and subsets that
suppress the disease. The balance of subsets in the graft determines disease
severity. The authors’ work on the nature of the regulatory-suppressor T cells
and their mechanisms of action is summarized in this article. N. Ref:: 24
----------------------------------------------------
[66]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The enemy within:
keeping self-reactive T cells at bay in the periphery.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2002 Jan;2(1):11-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri701
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Walker LS; Abbas AK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathology, University of
California San Francisco, 94143, USA. walkerl@itsa.ucsf.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The remarkable capacity of the mammalian
immune system to coordinate deadly attacks against numerous invading pathogens,
yet turn a blind eye to self-tissues continues to fascinate immunologists. It
has been clear for some time that immune cells capable of recognizing
self-proteins exist in normal individuals without seemingly causing harm. The
‘peripheral tolerance’ mechanisms that keep these cells in check are the focus
of intense research, not least because defects in these pathways might cause
autoimmune diseases. In this review, new developments in our understanding of
peripheral tolerance are discussed. N.
Ref:: 103
----------------------------------------------------
[67]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Making sense of mass
destruction: quantitating MHC class I antigen presentation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Dec;3(12):952-61.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1250
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Yewdell JW; Reits E; Neefjes J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0440, USA. N.
Ref:: 92
----------------------------------------------------
[68]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The HFE Cys282Tyr
mutation as a necessary but not sufficient cause of clinical hereditary
hemochromatosis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2003 May 1;101(9):3347-50.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1182/blood-2002-06-1747
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Beutler E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Molecular and Experimental
Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. beutler@scripps.edu N. Ref:: 47
----------------------------------------------------
[69]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Molecular aspects of
iron absorption and HFE expression.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gastroenterology 2001 Dec;121(6):1489-96.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Parkkila S; Niemela O; Britton RS; Fleming
RE; Waheed A; Bacon BR; Sly WS
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Hereditary hemochromatosis, a disease of
iron overload, occurs in about 1 in 200-400 Caucasians. The gene mutated in
this disorder is termed HFE. The product of this gene, HFE protein, is
homologous to major histocompatibility complex class I proteins, but HFE does
not present peptides to T cells. Based on recent structural, biochemical, and
cell biological studies, transferrin receptor (TfR) is a ligand for HFE. This
association directly links HFE protein to the TfR-mediated regulation of iron
homeostasis. Although evidence is accumulating that binding of HFE to TfR is
critical for the effects of HFE, the final pieces in the HFE puzzle have not
been established. This review focuses on recent advances in HFE research and
presents a hypothetical model of HFE function.
N. Ref:: 69
----------------------------------------------------
[70]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Mhc-guided processing:
binding of large antigen fragments.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Aug;3(8):621-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1149
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Sercarz EE; Maverakis E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular
Studies, San Diego, California 92121, USA. esercarz@tpims.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Ever since the emergence of models for the
processing and presentation of antigenic determinants by MHC class II
molecules, the main view has been that proteins are unfolded, enzymatically
cleaved into peptide lengths of about 12-25 amino acids and then loaded onto
MHC class II molecules. There is, however, an alternative model stating that
partially intact unfolding antigens are first bound by MHC class II molecules
and then trimmed to fragments of a smaller size while remaining bound to the
MHC class II molecule. In this analysis, we make the case that a considerable
portion of the elutable peptide cargo belongs to this latter class. N. Ref:: 61
----------------------------------------------------
[71]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Specialization in
tolerance: innate CD(4+)CD(25+) versus acquired TR1 and TH3 regulatory T cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S12-5.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106471.23410.32
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cottrez F; Groux H
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institut national de la sante et de la
recherche medicale, Hopital de l’Archet, Nice, France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The regulation of immune responses to self-antigens
is a complex process that involves maintaining self-tolerance while retaining
the capacity to mount robust immune responses against invading microorganisms.
Over the past few years, many new insights into this process have been gained,
leading to the reemergence of the idea that regulatory T cells (Treg) are key
players in immune regulation. These insights have raised fundamental questions
concerning the definition of a Treg and what exactly constitutes
T-cell-mediated suppression, identification of the signals and the cellular
environment that promote the development and differentiation of these cells,
and which signals maintain the homeostasis of the immune system. Thus far, the
different models where Treg have been characterized cannot fully account for
CD(4+)CD(25+) T cells. In this article, the authors propose the coexistence of
two specialized types of CD(4+) Treg-innate and acquired-that differ in terms
of their development, specificity, mechanisms, and sites of action. N. Ref:: 33
----------------------------------------------------
[72]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interventions for
mucous membrane pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2003;(1):CD004056.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kirtschig G; Murrell D; Wojnarowska F;
Khumalo N
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Dermatology, Vrije Universiteit Medisch
Centrum, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1007 MB. G.Kirtschig@vumc.nl
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Mucous membrane pemphigoid and
epidermolysis bullosa acquisita are acquired autoimmune blistering diseases of
the skin. Although they are rare, both can result in scarring of mucous
membranes, which may lead to blindness and life threatening respiratory complications.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of treatments for mucous membrane pemphigoid
and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised Controlled
Trials (RCTs) of patients with MMP or EBA were identified from MEDLINE and
EMBASE from their inception to March 2000. The Cochrane Skin Group Specialised
Register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) were last examined
in February 2002. The bibliographies from identified studies were searched. The
author who has conducted clinical trials in the field was contacted to identify
unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs involving participants of any
ages, and with a diagnosis confirmed by immunofluorescence. Where no RCTs were
located, studies with other designs were considered. DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS: Data were extracted from all included studies using a defined
electronic data extraction protocol. Two reviewers evaluated the studies in
terms of the inclusion criteria. The data from identified RCTs was extracted
independently by three reviewers and subsequently checked for discrepancies.
Any disagreements were resolved by discussion with each other and the fourth
reviewer. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to a lack of data. MAIN
RESULTS: We found two small RCTs of MMP, both conducted in patients with severe
eye involvement. The same author conducted both trials. In the first trial
cyclophosphamide was superior to prednisone after six months of treatment; all
12 patients responded well to cyclophosphamide versus a good response in only
five of 12 patients treated with prednisone (relative risk 2.40, 95% confidence
interval 1.23 to 4.69). In the second trial all 20 patients treated with
cyclophosphamide responded well to it after three months of treatment, but only
14 of 20 patients responded to the treatment with dapsone (relative risk 1.4,
95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.90). We were not able to identify a RCT of
therapeutic interventions in EBA. Thirty reports of uncontrolled studies of
treatment for MMP involving five or more patients and 11 reports of treatment
for EBA involving two or more patients were found, but were difficult to
interpret. REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence (from two small
trials) that severe ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid responds best to
treatment with cyclophosphamide combined with corticosteroids, and that mild to
moderate disease in most patients seems effectively suppressed by treatment
with dapsone. It is difficult to make any treatment recommendations for EBA in
the absence of reliable evidence sources.
N. Ref:: 59
----------------------------------------------------
[73]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Tolerance and cancer:
mechanisms of tumor evasion and strategies for breaking tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Oncol 2004 Mar 15;22(6):1136-51.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1200/JCO.2004.10.041
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mapara MY; Sykes M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Hematology and Oncology,
University Medical Center Charite, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt University
Berlin, Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The development of malignant disease might
be seen as a failure of immune surveillance. However, not all tumors are
naturally immunogenic, and even among those that are immunogenic, the
uncontrolled rapid growth of a tumor may sometimes out-run a robust immune
response. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that mechanisms of tolerance
that normally exist to prevent autoimmune disease may also preclude the
development of an adequate antitumor response and that tumors themselves have
the ability to thwart the development of effective immune responses against
their antigens. A major challenge has been to develop approaches to breaking
this tolerance in tumor-bearing hosts, and recent advances in our understanding
of antigen presentation and tolerance have led to some promising strategies. An
alternative approach is to use T cells from nontumor-bearing, allogeneic hosts
in the form of lymphocyte infusions, with or without hematopoietic cell
transplantation. Immunotherapy may occur in this setting via the response of
nontolerant, tumor antigen-specific T cells from nontumor-bearing hosts or via
the powerful destructive effect of an alloresponse directed against antigens
shared by malignant cells in the recipient. Approaches to exploiting this
beneficial effect without the deleterious consequence of graft-versus-host
disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell recipients are discussed. N. Ref:: 100
----------------------------------------------------
[74]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Routes to allograft
survival.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2001 Apr;107(7):797-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bromberg JS; Murphy B
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Recanati/Miller Transplant Institute,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. jon.bromberg@mountsinai.org N. Ref:: 21
----------------------------------------------------
[75]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cytolytic pathways in
haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2002 Apr;2(4):273-81.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri775
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van den Brink MR; Burakoff SJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine, Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. vandenbm@mskcc.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The remarkable activity of donor T cells
against malignant cells in the context of an allogeneic haematopoietic
stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is arguably, at present, the most potent
clinical immunotherapy for cancer. However, alloreactive donor T cells are also
important effector cells in the development of graft-versus-host disease
(GVHD), which is a potentially lethal complication for recipients of an
allogeneic HSCT. Therefore, the separation of the GVHD and graft-versus-tumour
(GVT) activity of donor T cells has become a topic of great interest for many
investigators. Recent studies have shown that donor T cells make differential
use of their cytolytic pathways in mediating GVHD and GVT effects. Therefore,
the selective blockade or enhancement of cytolytic pathways provides an
intriguing therapeutic opportunity to separate the desired GVT effect from the
potentially devastating GVHD. N.
Ref:: 96
----------------------------------------------------
[76]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Genetically modified
immunocompetent cells in HIV infection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gene Ther 2001 Nov;8(21):1593-600.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/sj.gt.3301569
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Palu G; Li Pira G; Gennari F; Fenoglio D;
Parolin C; Manca F
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Histology, Microbiology and
Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua, Italy.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Even in the era of highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART), gene therapy (GT) can remain a promising
approach for suppressing HIV infection, especially if complemented with other
forms of pharmacological and immunological intervention. A large number of
vectors and targets have been studied. Here we discuss the potential of
genetically treated, antigen-specific immunocompetent cells for adoptive
autologous immunotherapy of HIV infection. Cellular therapies with
gene-modified CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes are aimed at reconstituting the
antigen-specific repertoires that may be deranged as a consequence of HIV
infection. Even if complete eradication of HIV from the reservoirs cannot be
achieved, reconstitution of cellular immunity specific for opportunistic
pathogens and for HIV itself is a desirable option to control progression of
HIV infection and AIDS pathogenesis better.
N. Ref:: 103
----------------------------------------------------
[77]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Gorillas with
spondyloarthropathies express an MHC class I molecule with only limited
sequence similarity to HLA-B27 that binds peptides with arginine at P2.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Immunol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jimmunol.org/
●●
Cita: J. of Immunology: <> 2001 Mar 1;166(5):3334-44.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Urvater JA; Hickman H; Dzuris JL;
Prilliman K; Allen TM; Schwartz KJ; Lorentzen D; Shufflebotham C; Collins EJ;
Neiffer DL; Raphael B; Hildebrand W; Sette A; Watkins DI
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Wisconsin Regional Primate Research
Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The human MHC class I gene, HLA-B27, is a
strong risk factor for susceptibility to a group of disorders termed
spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). HLA-B27-transgenic rodents develop SpAs,
implicating HLA-B27 in the etiology of these disorders. Several nonhuman
primates, including gorillas, develop signs of SpAs indistinguishable from
clinical signs of humans with SpAs. To determine whether SpAs in gorillas have
a similar HLA-B27-related etiology, we analyzed the MHC class I molecules
expressed in four affected gorillas. Gogo-B01, isolated from three of the
animals, has only limited similarity to HLA-B27 at the end of the alpha1
domain. It differs by several residues in the B pocket, including differences
at positions 45 and 67. However, the molecular model of Gogo-B*0101 is
consistent with a requirement for positively charged residues at the second
amino acid of peptides bound by the MHC class I molecule. Indeed, the peptide
binding motif and sequence of individual ligands eluted from Gogo-B*0101
demonstrate that, like HLA-B27, this gorilla MHC class I molecule binds
peptides with arginine at the second amino acid position of peptides bound by
the MHC class I molecule. Furthermore, live cell binding assays show that
Gogo-B*0101 can bind HLA-B27 ligands. Therefore, although most gorillas that
develop SpAs express an MHC class I molecule with striking differences to
HLA-B27, this molecule binds peptides similar to those bound by HLA-B27. N. Ref:: 61
----------------------------------------------------
[78]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Clinical consequences
of iron overload in hemochromatosis homozygotes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2003 May 1;101(9):3351-3; discussion 3354-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1182/blood-2002-11-3453
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ajioka RS; Kushner JP
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Hematology, Department of
Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
84132, USA. N. Ref:: 58
----------------------------------------------------
[79]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Insulin/IGF and target
of rapamycin signaling: a TOR de force in growth control.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Trends Cell Biol 2003 Feb;13(2):79-85.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Oldham S; Hafen E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037,
USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - ‘They come in all sizes.’ Apart from its
origin and use in the clothing industry, this saying reflects the fact that the
size of organisms spans an enormous range. Whether destined to be large or
small, species grow in an organized fashion to reach their final specified
size. For growth to proceed, food must be metabolized to liberate energy in the
form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and protein building blocks in the form of
amino acids. One major orchestrator of this complex growth process in diverse
metazoan species is the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. This
review summarizes current studies primarily from Drosophila regarding the
function of the insulin/IGF system in the control of growth. N. Ref:: 75
----------------------------------------------------
[80]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Review article: medical
treatment of moderate to severe Crohn’s disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003 Jun;17 Suppl
2:23-30.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Scribano M; Prantera C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Gastroenterology, Azienda
Ospedaliera S.Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The treatment for patients with Crohn’s
disease of moderate to severe activity includes traditional drugs, such as
corticosteroids, the primary therapy for these forms of disease, able to induce
the remission of symptoms in a high percentage of patients. Because of the side-effects
produced by systemic steroids, a new glucocorticoid derivative, budesonide,
which acts locally in the mucosa, has recently been introduced with positive
results. On the assumption that intestinal bacteria play a role in the causing
Crohn’s disease symptoms, antibiotics are often used in the treatment of active
phases, as an alternative to or in association with steroids. The most widely
employed antibiotics are metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. Immunosuppressors,
such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, are useful for the treatment of
chronic active disease and for maintaining remission, but they have only a
marginal role in the therapy of an acute flare-up of Crohn’s disease.
Methotrexate acts more rapidly and its use in patients with active disease
resistant to standard therapy is of interest. The discovery of biological
agents represents a new era in the management of patients. To date, infliximab
is the more extensively studied biological therapy in the treatment of Crohn’s
disease and clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in inducing
remission of refractory disease. N.
Ref:: 59
----------------------------------------------------
[81]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Sarcoidosis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2003 Mar 29;361(9363):1111-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Baughman RP; Lower EE; du Bois RM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0565,
USA. bob.baughman@uc.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - There have been several new insights into
the cause and treatment of sarcoidosis. Studies of genetic variation have shown
that specific genetic polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of
disease or affect disease presentation. These polymorphisms include variation
of MHC and cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Not all
investigators have come to the same conclusion, suggesting an interaction of
various factors, including the patient’s ethnic origin. Treatment of sarcoidosis
varies considerably. Patients with symptomatic disease for more than 2-5 years
have been of particular interest. Corticosteroids remain the standard of care
in such cases, but immunosuppressive drugs have proved steroid-sparing in many
patients. New agents, including pentoxifylline, thalidomide, and infliximab
have proved useful in selected cases. The effectiveness of these agents seems
to lie in their ability to block TNF, especially in the treatment of chronic
disease. N. Ref:: 117
----------------------------------------------------
[82]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - CD40L in autoimmunity
and mucosally induced tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2002 Jan;109(2):171-3.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kweon MN; Kiyono H
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research
Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. N. Ref:: 25
----------------------------------------------------
[83]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The influence of
environment and experience on neural grafts.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Neurosci 2001 Dec;2(12):871-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35104055
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Dobrossy MD; Dunnett SB
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - School of Biosciences, Cardiff University,
Museum Avenue Box 911, Cardiff CF10 3US, Wales, UK. dobrossymd@cardiff.ac.uk N. Ref:: 106
----------------------------------------------------
[84]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The tolerant recipient:
looking great in someone else’s genes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2001 Jan;107(1):33-4.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Rosengard BR; Turka LA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
N. Ref:: 18
----------------------------------------------------
[85]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Human CD(4+)CD(25+)
regulatory T cells and infectious tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S23-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Stassen M; Schmitt E; Jonuleit H
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Immunology, Johannes
Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. michael.stassen@gmx.de.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Control of autoaggressive T cells by
regulatory T cells (Treg) is essential to ensuring peripheral tolerance.
Several subsets of CD(4+) T cells with suppressive properties have been
described, including induced T helper (Th) type 3 and T regulatory (Tr) type 1
cells and naturally occurring CD(4+)CD(25+) Treg. CD(4+)CD(25+) Treg suppress
the response of conventional T cells in a cell contact-dependent manner,
whereas Th3 and Tr1 cells produce immunosuppressive cytokines. Two subsets of
human CD(4+)CD(25+) Treg, characterized by expression of the integrins
alpha4beta7 or alpha4beta1, are able to convey suppressive capacity to
conventional CD(4+) T cells, thereby generating Th suppressor cells (Th(sup)).
One outstanding feature is the generation of Th(sup) with distinct properties.
alpha4beta7 Treg induce Tr1-like interleukin (IL)-10-producing Th(sup), whereas
alpha4beta1 Treg induce Th3-like Th(sup), which produce transforming growth
factor (TGF)-beta. Thus, our findings reconcile contradictory results clearly
demonstrating that suppression is contact dependent in vitro but mediated by
soluble factors (IL-10 and TGF-beta) in vivo.
N. Ref:: 21
----------------------------------------------------
[86]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Glucocorticoids and
invasive fungal infections.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2003 Nov 29;362(9398):1828-38.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lionakis MS; Kontoyiannis DP
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Infectious Diseases,
Infection Control and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Since the 1990s, opportunistic fungal
infections have emerged as a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in
profoundly immunocompromised patients. Hypercortisolaemic patients, both those
with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome and, much more frequently, those receiving
exogenous glucocorticoid therapy, are especially at risk of such infections.
This vulnerability is attributed to the complex dysregulation of immunity
caused by glucocorticoids. We critically review the spectrum and presentation
of invasive fungal infections that arise in the setting of hypercortisolism,
and the ways in which glucocorticoids contribute to their pathogenesis. A
better knowledge of the interplay between glucocorticoid-induced
immunosuppression and invasive fungal infections should assist in earlier
recognition and treatment of such infections. Efforts to decrease the intensity
of glucocorticoid therapy should help to improve outcomes of opportunistic
fungal infections. N.
Ref:: 135
----------------------------------------------------
[87]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Individuality: the
barrier to optimal immunosuppression.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Oct;3(10):831-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1204
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kahan BD
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Immunology and Organ
Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at
Houston, Suite 6.240, 6431 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Barry.D.Kahan@uth.tmc.edu.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Immunosuppressive therapy aims to protect
transplanted organs from host responses. Individuals have unique repertoires of
responses to foreign antigens and toxic reactions to immunosuppressants; the
former determining the type or intensity of rejection reactions and the latter
influencing the severity of iatrogenic effects. Because existing agents target
molecules that are widely distributed in tissues, new strategies must
selectively block lymphoid cells only, disrupt alloresponses but not innate
immune responses, interact synergistically with other agents, facilitate the
homeostatic process that naturally leads to graft acceptance and ideally only
interrupt donor-specific responses. Approaches presently under investigation
aim to alter cell trafficking, or selectively deviate the maturation of
antigen-presenting cells or inhibit lymphocyte-activation cascades - events
that are crucial to rejection responses.
N. Ref:: 92
----------------------------------------------------
[88]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cell survival and
clinical outcome following intrastriatal transplantation in Parkinson disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2001
Aug;60(8):741-52.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Hagell P; Brundin P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Clinical Neuroscience,
University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Intrastriatal transplantation of embryonic
dopaminergic neurons is currently explored as a restorative cell therapy for
Parkinson disease (PD). Clinical results have varied, probably due to
differences in transplantation methodology and patient selection. In this
review, we assess clinical trials and autopsy findings in grafted PD patients
and suggest that a minimum number of surviving dopaminergic neurons is required
for a favorable outcome. Restoration of [18F]-fluorodopa uptake in the putamen
to about 50% of the normal mean seems necessary for moderate to marked clinical
benefit to occur. Some studies indicate that this may require mesencephalic
tissue from 3-5 human embryos implanted into each hemisphere. The volume,
density and pattern of fiber outgrowth and reinnervation, as well as functional
integration and dopamine release. are postulated as additional important
factors for an optimal clinical outcome. For neural transplantation to become a
feasible therapeutic alternative in PD, graft survival must be increased and
the need for multiple donors of human embryonic tissue substantially decreased
or alternate sources of donor tissue developed. Donor cells derived from
alternative sources should demonstrate features comparable to those associated
with successful implantation of human embryonic tissue before clinical trials
are considered. N.
Ref:: 62
----------------------------------------------------
[89]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Anatomical basis of
tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Apr;3(4):331-41.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1057
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mowat AM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunology and Bacteriology,
Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK. a.m.mowat@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The intestinal immune system has to
discriminate between harmful and beneficial antigens. Although strong
protective immunity is essential to prevent invasion by pathogens, equivalent
responses against dietary proteins or commensal bacteria can lead to chronic
disease. These responses are normally prevented by a complex interplay of
regulatory mechanisms. This article reviews the unique aspects of the local
microenvironment of the intestinal immune system and discuss how these promote
the development of regulatory responses that ensure the maintenance of
homeostasis in the gut. N.
Ref:: 99
----------------------------------------------------
[90]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulatory (suppressor)
T cells in peripheral allograft tolerance and graft-versus-host reaction.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S5.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000107184.18562.FC
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Rifle G; Herve P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - UPRES EA563, Faculte de Medecine, Universite
de Bourgogne and Department of Nephrology-Intensive Care-Transplantation,
Hopital du Bocage, Dijon, France. gerard.rifle@chu-dijon.fr.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Among the mechanisms capable of inducing peripheral
tolerance, regulatory (suppressor) T cells (Treg) probably play a key role in
the control of both reactivity to self-antigens and alloimmune response.
Augmentation or manipulation of Treg could improve organ allograft survival or
control graft-versus-host disease, thus resulting in operational tolerance. The
role of this immunomanipulation as one method of inducing tolerance has yet to
be clearly defined. N.
Ref:: 14
----------------------------------------------------
[91]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The complementary roles
of deletion and regulation in transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 Feb;3(2):147-58.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1002
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lechler RI; Garden OA; Turka LA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunology, Division of
Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith
Campus, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. r.lechler@ic.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Neonatal tolerance of alloantigens was
described in mice nearly half a century ago, but unfortunately, the translation
of these early findings into the clinical arena proved to be much more
challenging than was first anticipated. However, the past decade has seen
considerable progress in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to
transplantation tolerance in experimental models. This review outlines our
current understanding of the mechanisms of allograft tolerance, emphasizing the
complementary roles of deletion and regulation of alloreactive T cells. N. Ref:: 145
----------------------------------------------------
[92]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - “Rebooting” the immune
system with cyclophosphamide: taking risks for a “cure”?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Neurol 2003 Jan;53(1):7-9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/ana.10449
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lewis RA; Lisak RP N. Ref:: 11
----------------------------------------------------
[93]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Organ transplantation:
what is the state of the art?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Surg 2003 Dec;238(6 Suppl):S72-89.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Collins BH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Division of
Transplantation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. colli005@mc.duke.edu N. Ref:: 130
----------------------------------------------------
[94]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Nystatin prophylaxis
and treatment in severely immunodepressed patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2002;(2):CD002033.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gotzsche PC; Johansen HK
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Nordic Cochrane Centre,
Rigshospitalet, Dept. 7112, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen O, Denmark, 2100. p.c.gotzsche@cochrane.dk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Nystatin is sometimes used
prophylactically in patients with severe immunodeficiency or in the treatment
of fungal infection in such patients, although the effect seems to be
equivocal. OBJECTIVES: To study whether nystatin decreases morbidity and
mortality when given prophylactically or therapeutically to patients with
severe immunodeficiency. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library
using a comprehensive search strategy, date of last search November 2001.
Contacted industry and scanned reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised
trials comparing nystatin with placebo, an untreated control group, fluconazole
or amphotericin B. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data on mortality, invasive
fungal infection and colonisation were extracted by both authors independently.
The outcomes were weighted by the inverse variance. A random effects model was
used unless p>0.10 for the test of heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS: We included
12 trials (1,464 patients). The drugs were given prophylactically in ten trials
and as treatment in two. Seven trials were in acute leukaemia, two in cancer,
one in liver transplant patients, one in critically ill surgical and trauma
patients, and one in AIDS patients. Nystatin had been compared with placebo in
three trials and with fluconazole in nine; the dose varied from 1.5 MIE to 72
MIE daily. The effect of nystatin was similar to that of placebo on fungal
colonisation (relative risk 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.13). There
was no statistically significant difference between fluconazole and nystatin on
mortality (relative risk 0.76, 0.49 to 1.18) whereas fluconazole was more
effective in preventing invasive fungal infection (relative risk 0.37, 0.15 to
0.91) and colonisation (relative risk 0.49, 0.34 to 0.70). The results were
very similar if the three studies which were not performed in cancer patients
were excluded. REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS: Nystatin cannot be recommended for prophylaxis
or treatment of Candida infections in immunodepressed patients. N. Ref:: 21
----------------------------------------------------
[95]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Scaffolding of antigen
receptors for immunogenic versus tolerogenic signaling.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Immunol 2003 Nov;4(11):1057-64.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/ni1001
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Jun JE; Goodnow CC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Australian Cancer Research Foundation
Genetics Laboratory and Medical Genome Centre, John Curtin School of Medical
Research, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Lymphocyte antigen receptors are
responsible for inducing the opposite responses of immunity or tolerance. How
the correct polarity of antigen receptor signaling is encoded has been an
enduring enigma. Here we summarize recent advances defining key scaffolding
molecules, CARMA1 (also known as CARD11) and the Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases,
required for either immunogenic or tolerogenic signaling by antigen receptors.
These scaffolding proteins may determine the polarity of response to antigen by
promoting assembly around antigen receptors of competing multiprotein signal
complexes: immunosomes versus tolerosomes. Each of the factors that influence
immunogenicity or tolerogenicity—stage of lymphocyte differentiation,
concurrent engagement of inhibitory or costimulatory receptors, extent of
receptor crosslinking, and prior antigen experience—may be integrated in
lymphocytes through their capacity to influence the probability of assembling
immunosomes versus tolerosomes. N.
Ref:: 111
----------------------------------------------------
[96]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Effect of dexamethasone
on beta2-adrenergic desensitization in airway smooth muscle: role of the ARG19
polymorphism.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Chest. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.chestjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Chest: <> 2003 Mar;123(3 Suppl):368S-9S.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Moore PE; Calder MM; Silverman ES;
Panettieri RA Jr; Shore SA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology
(Dr. Moore and Mr. Calder), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,
Nashville, TN 37232-2586, USA. N.
Ref:: 1
----------------------------------------------------
[97]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Challenges to achieving
clinical transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2001 Oct;108(7):943-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Salama AD; Remuzzi G; Harmon WE; Sayegh MH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Immunogenetics and
Transplantation, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115, USA. N.
Ref:: 50
----------------------------------------------------
[98]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Antiadhesion molecule
therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Inflamm Bowel Dis 2002 Jul;8(4):291-300.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van Assche G; Rutgeerts P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Gastroenterology, University
Hospital Leuven, Belgium. gert.vanassche@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Adhesion molecules regulate the influx of
leukocytes in normal and inflamed gut. Some of these molecules such as MadCAM-1
are specific for the gastrointestinal endothelium, but in inflammatory bowel
diseases most of the adhesion factors are up-regulated. Adhesion molecules also
are involved in local lymphocyte stimulation and antigen presentation within
the intestinal mucosa. Recently, therapeutic compounds directed against
trafficking of lymphocytes toward the gut mucosa have been designed, and are
being developed as a novel class of drugs in the treatment of Crohn’s disease
(CD) and ulcerative colitis. This review deals with the immunological aspects
of leukocyte trafficking focused on gut homing of T cells. Secondly, the
changes in adhesion molecules and T-cell trafficking during intestinal
inflammation are discussed. Finally, we review the clinical data that have been
gathered in trials of biological therapies directed against adhesion molecules.
Both antiintercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and anti-alpha4 integrin
strategies are being developed. Trials with the anti-ICAM-1 antisense
oligonucleotide, ISIS-2302, in steroid-refractory CD have provided conflicting
efficacy data. The anti-alpha4 integrin antibodies natalizumab (Antegren) and
LDP-02 are in phase III and phase II trials, respectively. In the near future,
these novel biological agents may prove valuable therapeutic tools in the
management of refractory IBD. N.
Ref:: 56
----------------------------------------------------
[99]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - New agents in acute
myeloid leukemia and other myeloid disorders.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cancer 2004 Feb 1;100(3):441-54.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncr.11935
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ravandi F; Kantarjian H; Giles F; Cortes J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Leukemia, The University of
Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. fravandi@mdanderson.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Over the past several decades,
improvements in chemotherapeutic agents and supportive care have resulted in
significant progress in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
More recently, advances in understanding the biology of AML have resulted in
the identification of new therapeutic targets. The success of
all-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia and of imatinib mesylate
in chronic myeloid leukemia have demonstrated that targeted therapy may be more
effective and less toxic when well defined targets are available. At the same
time, understanding mechanisms of drug resistance and means to overcome them
has led to modification of some of the existing cytotoxic agents. Rational
design and conduct of clinical trials is necessary to ensure that the full
potential of these new agents is realized.
N. Ref:: 140
----------------------------------------------------
[100]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Effects of glatiramer
acetate on relapse rate and accumulated disability in multiple sclerosis:
meta-analysis of three double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical
trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mult Scler 2003 Aug;9(4):349-55.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Boneschi FM; Rovaris M; Johnson KP; Miller
A; Wolinsky JS; Ladkani D; Shifroni G; Comi G; Filippi M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Neuroscience, Scientific
Institute, University H San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Three randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trials have shown that glatiramer acetate (GA) is effective
in reducing relapse rate in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple
sclerosis (MS). Using raw data pooled from 540 patients, we performed a
meta-analysis of these three trials, to investigate whether the extent of GA
efficacy varies according to disease-related variables at study entry. Three
regression models were developed to assess the efficacy of GA on the annualized
relapse rate (primary outcome measure), on the total number of on-trial
relapses and on the time to first relapse. We also explored the efficacy of GA
on accumulated disability and the potential role of baseline clinical variables
as predictors of relapse-rate variables and treatment efficacy. The mean
adjusted annualized relapse rate on study was 1.14 in the pooled
placebo-treated subjects and 0.82 in the pooled GA group (P = 0.004),
indicating an average reduction in annualized relapse rate of 28%. About a one
third reduction of the total number of on-trial relapses was also observed in
patients receiving GA (P < 0.0001), who had a median time to the first
relapse of 322 days versus a median time to the first relapse of 219 days seen
in those receiving placebo (P = 0.01). A beneficial effect on accumulated
disability was also found (risk ratio of 0.6; 95%; CI = 0.4-0.9; P = 0.02). The
drug assignment (P = 0.004), baseline EDSS score (P = 0.02) and number of
relapses during the two years prior to study entry (P = 0.002) were significant
predictors of on-trial annualized relapse rate. No other demographic or
clinical variable at baseline significantly influenced the treatment effect.
This meta-analysis reaffirms the effectiveness of GA in reducing relapse rate
and disability accumulation in RRMS, at a magnitude comparable to that of other
available immunomodulating treatments. It also suggests that GA efficacy is not
significantly influenced by the patients’ clinical characteristics at the time
of treatment initiation.
----------------------------------------------------
[101]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Negative
selection—clearing out the bad apples from the T-cell repertoire.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2003 May;3(5):383-91.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri1085
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Palmer E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology
and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel,
Switzerland. ed.palmer@unibas.ch
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dead cells are a prominent feature of the
thymic landscape as only 5% of developing thymocytes are exported as mature T
cells. The remaining thymocytes die by one of two mechanisms; most thymocytes
die because they are not positively selected and do not receive a survival
signal, whereas a minority of thymocytes undergo T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated
apoptosis, a process known as negative selection. Negative selection is
extremely important for establishing a functional immune system, as it provides
an efficient mechanism for ridding the T-cell repertoire of self-reactive and
potentially autoimmune lymphocytes. This review discusses several cellular and
molecular aspects of negative selection.
N. Ref:: 95
----------------------------------------------------
[102]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Virus evasion of MHC
class I molecule presentation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Immunol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jimmunol.org/
●●
Cita: J. of Immunology: <> 2003 Nov 1;171(9):4473-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Petersen JL; Morris CR; Solheim JC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer
and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA. N. Ref:: 97
----------------------------------------------------
[103]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - HLA complex genes in
type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. Which genes are involved?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Trends Genet 2001 Feb;17(2):93-100.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Undlien DE; Lie BA; Thorsby E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Immunology, The National
Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0027, Oslo, Norway. d.e.undlien@rh.uio.no
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The predisposition to develop a majority
of autoimmune diseases is associated with specific genes within the human
leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. However, it is frequently difficult to
determine which of the many genes of the HLA complex are directly involved in
the disease process. The main reasons for these difficulties are the complexity
of associations where several HLA complex genes might be involved, and the
strong linkage disequilibrium that exists between the genes in this complex.
The latter phenomenon leads to secondary disease associations, or what has been
called ‘hitchhiking polymorphisms’. Here, we give an overview of the complexity
of HLA associations in autoimmune disease, focusing on type 1 diabetes and
trying to answer the question: how many and which HLA genes are directly
involved? N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[104]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Quality control of MHC
class I maturation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Faseb J. Acceso gratuito al texto completo
a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.fasebj.org/
●●
Cita: FASEB Journal: <> 2004 Jan;18(1):31-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1096/fj.03-0846rev
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Paulsson KM; Wang P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Rayne Institute, Centre for Molecular
Medicine, Department of Medicine, University College of London, 5 University
St., London WC1E 6JJ, UK. k.paulsson@ucl.ac.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Assembly of MHC class I molecules in the
ER is regulated by the so-called loading complex (LC). This multiprotein
complex is of definite importance for class I maturation, but its exact
organization and order of assembly are not known. Evidence implies that the
quality of peptides loaded onto class I molecules is controlled at multiple
stages during MHC class I assembly. We recently found that tapasin, an
important component of the LC, interacts with COPI-coated vesicles. Biochemical
studies suggested that the tapa-sin-COPI interaction regulates the retrograde
transport of immature MHC class I molecules from the Golgi network back to the
ER. Also other findings now propose that in addition to the peptide-loading
control, the quality control of MHC class I antigen presentation includes the
restriction of export of suboptimally loaded MHC class I molecules to the cell
surface. In this review, we use recent studies of tapasin to examine the
efficiency of TAP, the LC constitution, ER quality control of class I assembly,
and peptide optimization. The concepts of MHC class I recycling and ER
retention are also discussed. N.
Ref:: 73
----------------------------------------------------
[105]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Thalidomide treatment
for refractory Crohn’s disease: a review of the history, pharmacological
mechanisms and clinical literature.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Med 2001 Nov;33(8):516-25.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ginsburg PM; Dassopoulos T; Ehrenpreis ED
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Gastroenterology, University
of Chicago Hospitals, IL 60637, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Several recent case reports and clinical
trials have demonstrated that thalidomide is emerging as an efficacious
alternative in the treatment of selected patients with refractory Crohn’s disease.
The effects of thalidomide are at least partly mediated by down-regulation of
tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a potent proinflammatory cytokine. However,
thalidomide is also known to inhibit angiogenesis, and it has several other
well-described immunomodulatory properties. Clinical studies have confirmed
that previously refractory Crohn’s disease patients respond to thalidomide, and
many enter clinical remission. Efficacy usually occurs within 4 weeks.
Thalidomide also has steroid-sparing properties, and it is particularly useful
in treating oral and fistulous complications of Crohn’s disease. Although it is
usually tolerable, careful monitoring is recommended to prevent toxicities,
such as birth defects and peripheral neuropathy. This review provides a
detailed summary of the literature to date on the use of thalidomide treatment
for Crohn’s disease. Special attention is directed towards its history,
mechanisms, and proposed role. The recent development of thalidomide analogues
is also discussed briefly. N.
Ref:: 116
----------------------------------------------------
[106]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Fatal Scopulariopsis
brevicaulis infection in a paediatric stem-cell transplant patient treated with
voriconazole and caspofungin and a review of Scopulariopsis infections in
immunocompromised patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Infect 2004 Jan;48(1):112-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Steinbach WJ; Schell WA; Miller JL;
Perfect JR; Martin PL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases,
Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3499, Durham, NC,
USA. stein022@mc.duke.edu N. Ref:: 33
----------------------------------------------------
[107]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The transplantation of
hematopoietic stem cells after non-myeloablative conditioning: a cellular
therapeutic approach to hematologic and genetic diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunol Res 2003;28(1):13-24.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Maris M; Storb R
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. mmaris@fhcrc.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Originally, allogeneic hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation (HSCT) was viewed as a form of rescue from the marrow
lethal effects of high doses of chemo-radiotherapy used to both eradicate
malignancy and to provide sufficient immunosuppression to ensure allogeneic
engraftment. Clear evidence of a therapeutic graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect
mediated by allogeneic effector cells (T cells) has prompted the exploration of
HSCT regimens that rely solely upon host immunosuppression (non-myeloablative)
to facilitate allogeneic donor engraftment. The engrafted donor effector cells
are then used to accomplish the task of eradicating host malignant cells. The
non-myeloblative regimen developed in Seattle uses 2 Gy total body irradiation
(TBI) before transplant followed by postgrafting cyclosporine (CSP) and
mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). This regimen resulted in initial mixed donor-host
chimerism in all patients with hematologic malignancies and genetic disorders
who received HLA-matched sibling allografts. The 17% incidence of graft
rejection was reduced to 3% with the addition of fludarabine, 30 mg/m2/day on d
-4, -3, and -2. The non-myeloablative combination of fludarabine/TBI has also
been successful at achieving high engraftment rates in recipients of 10 of 10
HLA antigen matched unrelated donor HSCTs in patients with hematologic
malignancies. By reducing acute toxicities relative to conventional HSCT, most
patients have received their pre- and post-HSCT therapy almost exclusively as
outpatients. Acute and chronic GVHD occur after non-myeloablative HSCT, but the
incidence and severity appear less compared to conventional HSCT. As in
conventional transplants, immune dysregulation from GVHD and its treatment and
delayed reconstitution of immune function continue to present risks to patients
who have otherwise undergone successful non-myeloablative HSCT. Cellular
therapeutic effects have been observed after non-myeloablative HSCT such as
correction of inherited genetic disorders, and eradication of hematologic
malignant diseases and renal cell carcinoma via GVT responses. N. Ref:: 52
----------------------------------------------------
[108]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Sublingual
immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2003;(2):CD002893.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Wilson DR; Torres LI; Durham SR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial
College School of Medicine at the National Heart & Lung Institute,
Dovehouse Street, London, UK, SW3 6LR. duncw 99@yahoo.co.uk
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is a common
condition which, at its most severe, can significantly impair quality of life
despite optimal treatment with antihistamines and topical nasal
corticosteroids. Allergen injection immunotherapy significantly reduces
symptoms and medication requirements in allergic rhinitis but its use is
limited by the possibility of severe systemic reactions. There has therefore
been considerable interest in alternative routes for delivery of allergen
immunotherapy, particularly the sublingual route. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the
efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), compared with placebo, for
reductions in symptoms and medication requirements. SEARCH STRATEGY: The
Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE (1966-2002), EMBASE (1974-2002)
and Scisearch were searched, up to September 2002, using the terms (Rhin* OR
hay fever) AND (immunotherap* OR desensiti*ation) AND (sublingual). SELECTION
CRITERIA: All studies identified by the searches were assessed by the reviewers
to identify randomised controlled trials involving participants with symptoms
of allergic rhinitis and proven allergen sensitivity, treated with SLIT or
corresponding placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data from identified
studies were abstracted onto a standard extraction sheet and subsequently
entered into RevMan 4.1. Analysis was performed by the method of Standardised
Mean Differences (SMD) using a random effects model. P values <0.05 were
considered statistically significant. Subgroup analyses were performed
according to the type of allergen administered, the age of participants and the
duration of treatment. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty two trials involving 979 patients
were included. There were 6 trials of SLIT for House Dust Mite allergy, 5 for
Grass Pollen, 5 for Parietaria, 2 for Olive and one each for, Ragweed, Cat,
Tree and Cupressus. Four studies enrolled exclusively children. Seventeen
studies administered the allergen by sublingual drops subsequently swallowed, 3
by drops subsequently spat out and 2 by sublingual tablets. Eight studies
involved treatment for less than 6 months, 10 studies for 6-12 months and 4
studies for greater than 12 months. All included studies were double-blind
placebo-controlled trials of parallel group design. Concealment of treatment
allocation was considered adequate in all studies and the use of identical
placebo preparations was almost universal. There was significant heterogeneity,
most likely due to widely differing scoring systems between studies, for most
comparisons. Overall there was a significant reduction in both symptoms (SMD
-0.34, 95% confidence interval -0.69 to -0.15; p=0.002) and medication
requirements (SMD -0.43 [-0.63, -0.23]; p=0.00003) following immunotherapy.
Subgroup analyses failed to identify a disproportionate benefit of treatment according
to the allergen administered. There was no significant reduction in symptoms
and medication scores in those studies involving only children but total
numbers of participants were small, casting doubt on the validity of the
conclusion. Increasing duration of treatment does not clearly increase
efficacy. The total dose of allergen administered may be important but
insufficient data were available to analyse this factor. REVIEWER’S
CONCLUSIONS: SLIT is a safe treatment which significantly reduces symptoms and
medication requirements in allergic rhinitis. The size of this benefit compared
to that of other available therapies, particularly injection immunotherapy, is
not clear, having been assessed directly in very few studies. Further research
is required concentrating on optimising allergen dosage and patient
selection. N. Ref:: 41
----------------------------------------------------
[109]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Allogeneic
transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells after nonmyeloablative conditioning
for Hodgkin’s disease: indications and results.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Semin Oncol 2004 Feb;31(1):27-32.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Schmitz N; Sureda A; Robinson S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Hematology, AK St. Georg,
Hamburg, Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - A number of treatment options are
available for patients with relapsed Hodgkin’s disease (HD). Radiotherapy,
salvage chemotherapy, high-dose therapy (HDT) followed by autologous
transplantation, and classical or nonmyeloablative conditioning followed by
allogeneic transplantation can all be effective in patients with relapsed HD.
Patients with early relapse after modern first-line chemotherapy, as well as
patients with primary progressive disease, will be candidates for innovative
approaches including nonmyelablative stem cell transplant (NST). Although
initial results with NST look promising, more time and structured study of both
HD and NST will be necessary to ultimately define the role of NST in this
disease. N. Ref:: 37
----------------------------------------------------
[110]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - DR, DQ, and you: MHC
alleles and autoimmunity.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Invest. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jci.org/
●●
Cita: J Clinical Investigation: <> 2001 Apr;107(7):795-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Sonderstrup G; McDevitt HO
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5124, USA. gretes@stanford.edu N. Ref:: 12
----------------------------------------------------
[111]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Drug immunosuppression
therapy for adult heart transplantation. Part 2: clinical applications and
results.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Jan;77(1):363-71.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mueller XM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. xavier.mueller@usherbrooke.ca
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - This review describes the clinical
application of classical immunosuppressive drugs as well as that of more recent
drugs. All current immunosuppressive drugs target T-cell activation, and
cytokine production and clonal expansion, or both. Immunosuppressive protocols
can be broadly divided into induction therapy, maintenance immunosuppression,
and treatment of acute rejection episodes.
N. Ref:: 82
----------------------------------------------------
[112]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Potential roles of
protein oxidation and the immunoproteasome in MHC class I antigen presentation:
the ‘PrOxI’ hypothesis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arch Biochem Biophys 2004 Mar
1;423(1):88-96.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.abb.2003.12.001
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Teoh CY; Davies KJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center and
Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, The University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation system is responsible for the cell-surface
presentation of self-proteins and intracellular viral proteins. This pathway is
important in screening between self, and non-self or infected cells. In this
pathway, proteins are partially degraded to peptides in the cytosol and
targeted to the cell surface bound to an MHC-I receptor protein. At the cell
surface, T cells bypass cells displaying self-peptides but destroy others
displaying foreign antigens. Cells contain several isoforms of the proteasome,
but it is thought that the immunoproteasome is the major form involved in
generating peptides for the MHC-I pathway. How all intracellular proteins are
targeted for MHC-I processing is unclear. Oxidative stress is experienced by
all cells, and all proteins are exposed to oxidation. We propose that oxidative
modification makes proteins susceptible to degradation by the immunoproteasome.
This could be called the protein oxidation and immunoproteasome or ‘PrOxI’
hypothesis of MHC-I antigen processing. Protein oxidation may, thus, be a
universal mechanism for peptide generation and presentation in the MHC-I
pathway. N. Ref:: 123
----------------------------------------------------
[113]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Current directions in
hemochromatosis research: towards an understanding of the role of iron overload
and the HFE gene mutations in the development of clinical disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nutr Rev 2003 Jan;61(1):38-42.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Neff LM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research
Center on Aging, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Since the discovery of a candidate gene
(HFE) thought to be involved in the development of hereditary hemochromatosis,
there has been much interest in the potential use of genetic testing as a screening
tool for the disease in the general population. However, a recent study
suggests that less than 1% of subjects who are homozygous for the gene
mutations will go on to develop the full-blown disease of hereditary
hemochromatosis, historically termed “bronzed diabetes.” The study also
suggests that homozygotes have no higher risk of mortality or of any clinically
significant morbidity than normal control subjects. This conclusion contradicts
earlier findings that linked iron overload and HFE mutations to a number of
devastating diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and
cancer. N. Ref:: 15
----------------------------------------------------
[114]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - B cell-ablative therapy
for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2002 Aug;46(8):1984-5.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/art.10476
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Patel DD
N. Ref:: 18
----------------------------------------------------
[115]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Endothelial expression
of MHC class II molecules in autoimmune disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Pharm Des 2004;10(2):129-43.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Turesson C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Rheumatology, Malmo
University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden. turesson.carl@mayo.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class II molecules are up-regulated on endothelial cells in human allografts,
and are thought to be involved in graft rejection. The MHC class II subtypes
HLA-DR, DQ and DP regulate T cell dependent immune responses, and aberrant
expression could be important in autoimmunity. Increased endothelial MHC class
II expression has been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases, including
myocarditis with dilated cardiomyopathy, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent data suggest that there is an association
between endothelial expression of MHC class II molecules and diffuse
endothelial dysfunction, which may be part of the explanation of the increased
risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with RA, SLE and other chronic
inflammatory conditions. MHC class II transcription is in part genetically
determined. Cytokine induced up-regulation of MHC class II molecules can be
inhibited in vitro by antioxidants and different drugs, such as cyclosporin and
statins. Research on the development of new treatments for systemic autoimmune
diseases and cardiovascular disease should include evaluation of effects on
endothelial activation, including MHC class II expression. This review also
discusses the genetic basis of MHC class II expression and its implications for
understanding MHC genotype associations with autoimmune diseases. Recent
studies of interactions between endothelial cells and T cells are reviewed.
Such interactions could be of major importance in the pathogenesis of
autoimmune and vascular diseases. N.
Ref:: 217
----------------------------------------------------
[116]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Valacyclovir provides
optimum acyclovir exposure for prevention of cytomegalovirus and related
outcomes after organ transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Infect Dis. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 2 años de la publicación; - http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/
●●
Cita: J. of Infectious Diseases: <> 2002 Oct 15;186 Suppl 1:S110-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Fiddian P; Sabin CA; Griffiths PD
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Royal Free and University College Medical
School (Royal Free Campus), London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom. paul.fiddian@which.net
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - A meta-analysis of 12 randomized trials
(1574 patients) examined herpesvirus and related outcomes following organ
transplantation over a range of acyclovir exposures (including valacyclovir).
Overall, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence
interval [CI], 0.34-0.57; P<.001), CMV disease (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31-0.54;
P<.001), death (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.40-0.90; P=.01), opportunistic infection
(OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.91; P=.009), acute graft rejection (OR, 0.67; 95% CI,
0.52-0.86; P<.001), herpes simplex virus disease (OR, 0.17; 95% CI,
0.12-0.24; P<.001), and varicella-zoster virus disease (OR, 0.06; 95% CI,
0.01-0.25; P<.001) were significantly reduced. Increased acyclovir exposure
influenced more end points: Maximum efficacy resulted from valacyclovir (8
g/day). Increasing acyclovir exposure to that achieved with valacyclovir
extends benefits of prophylaxis to include impact on graft rejection and
opportunistic infections.
----------------------------------------------------
[117]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Intestinal
transplantation for gut failure.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Gastroenterology 2003 May;124(6):1615-28.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Fishbein TM; Gondolesi GE; Kaufman SS
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School
of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. Thomas.Fishbein@MSNYUhealth.org N. Ref:: 95
----------------------------------------------------
[118]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells
transduced with viral interleukin 10 or Fas ligand: no evidence for induction
of allotolerance in vivo.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2002 Jan 15;73(1 Suppl):S27-30.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Buonocore S; Van Meirvenne S; Demoor FX;
Paulart F; Thielemans K; Goldman M; Flamand V
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - 2 Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School
of Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent
presenters of alloantigens and therefore are responsible for the induction of
allograft rejection. Genetic modifications of DC allowing the expression of a
tolerogenic molecule may render them immunosuppressive. We transduced bone
marrow-derived DC with recombinant MFG retrovirus encoding either viral
interleukin (vIL)-10 or Fas ligand (FasL) to induce transplantation tolerance.
Up to 10 ng/ml of bioactive vIL-10 was produced by DC after transfer of the
corresponding gene. Although the inhibitory properties of vIL-10-transduced DC
were revealed in vitro in a mixed lymphocyte culture, no clear down-regulation
of the allogeneic response was observed in vivo after single or multiple
injections of those DC overexpressing vIL-10. When we transduced wild-type bone
marrow-derived DC with recombinant MFG retrovirus encoding murine FasL, cells
quickly died, probably because of suicidal or fratricidal Fas-dependent death.
Indeed, only DC from Fas-deficient lpr mice survived to FasL gene transfer.
Those FasL-transduced lpr DC exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity against
Fas-positive targets in vitro. DC overexpressing FasL did not behave as
immunosuppressive DC in vivo. The subcutaneous injection of FasL+ lpr DC in MHC
class II-disparate mice hyperactivated the allospecific proliferation of T
cells in the draining lymph nodes compared with mice treated with
control-transduced DC. These results argue against the development of FasL+ DC
or vIL-10-secreting DC as immunosuppressive tools in vivo. The alternative
pathways of T-cell activation triggered by these genetically modified DC need
to be investigated. N.
Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[119]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Induction of tolerance
in autoimmune diseases by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: getting
closer to a cure?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2002 Feb 1;99(3):768-84.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Burt RK; Slavin S; Burns WH; Marmont AM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Immune Therapy and Autoimmune
Disease, Northwestern University Medical Center, 320 E. Superior, Searle Bldg.
Rm 3-489, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. rburt@nwu.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the
earliest cells of the immune system, giving rise to B and T lymphocytes,
monocytes, tissue macrophages, and dendritic cells. In animal models, adoptive
transfer of HSCs, depending on circumstances, may cause, prevent, or cure
autoimmune diseases. Clinical trials have reported early remission of otherwise
refractory autoimmune disorders after either autologous or allogeneic
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). By percentage of
transplantations performed, autoimmune diseases are the most rapidly expanding
indication for stem cell transplantation. Although numerous editorials or
commentaries have been previously published, no prior review has focused on the
immunology of transplantation tolerance or development of phase 3 autoimmune
HSCT trials. Results from current trials suggest that mobilization of HSCs,
conditioning regimen, eligibility and exclusion criteria, toxicity, outcome,
source of stem cells, and posttransplantation follow-up need to be disease
specific. HSCT-induced remission of an autoimmune disease allows for a
prospective analysis of events involved in immune tolerance not available in
cross-sectional studies. N.
Ref:: 358
----------------------------------------------------
[120]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Treatment of idiopathic
nephrosis by immunophillin modulation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nephrol Dial Transplant. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ndt.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: <> 2003 Aug;18 Suppl
6:vi79-86.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Meyrier A
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Service de Nephrologie, Hopital Europeen
Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, F-75015 Paris, France. alain.meyrier@brs.ap-hop-paris.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Until 1985, glucocorticoids and cytotoxic
drugs were the only treatments available for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
(nephrosis), that is, minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Trials of cyclosporine (CsA) treatment of nephrosis,
the rationale of which was based on pathophysiologic considerations, have shown
that this immunophillin modulator is effective in inducing and maintaining
remission in patients suffering from idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. It appears
that the best results, in the order of 80% remission rate, are obtained in
steroid-sensitive cases, essentially MCD, and that in steroid-resistant FSGS
the drug obtains remission in no more than 20% of the cases. Addition of
glucocorticoids increases the success rate to approximately 30% of cases. Renal
toxicity is proportional to previous impairment of renal function, primary
renal disease (FSGS vs MCD) dosage >5.5 mg/kg/day and duration of treatment.
The better bioavailability of the new formulation of CsA (Neoral), implies that
the former dosage recommendations be reconsidered for distinctly lower figures.
Repeat renal biopsy after 1 year of continuous CsA treatment is advisable, as
stable serum creatinine levels may be falsely reassuring. CsA dependency is the
rule during the first year of treatment. However, in some 25% of cases stable
remission may be maintained after slow tapering off following 3-4 years of
treatment. Other immunophillin modulators have been tried in the treatment of
idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Despite few preliminary reports indicating some
success of tacrolimus the effects of this drug do not seem convincingly
superior to CsA in terms of remission rate, toxicity and dependency. Rapamycin
has not been tried in the treatment of nephrosis. Anecdotal cases of de novo
FSGS induced by rapamycin in transplanted patients might indicate that this
drug is in fact contraindicated in the treatment of nephrosis. N. Ref:: 36
----------------------------------------------------
[121]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - In vitro generation of
IL-10-producing regulatory CD4+ T cells is induced by immunosuppressive drugs
and inhibited by Th1- and Th2-inducing cytokines.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunol Lett 2003 Jan 22;85(2):135-9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - O’Garra A; Barrat FJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Immunoregulation, The National
Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, NW7 1AA,
London, UK. N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[122]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Penicillin-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae septic shock and meningitis complicating chronic graft
versus host disease: a case report and review of the literature.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Med 2002 Aug 1;113(2):152-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Haddad PA; Repka TL; Weisdorf DJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Hematology, Oncology and
Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
USA. N. Ref:: 34
----------------------------------------------------
[123]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Treating human
autoimmune disease by depleting B cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Rheum Dis 2002 Oct;61(10):863-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Looney RJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of Rochester, Rochester, New
York 14642, USA. John_looney@URMC.Rochester.edu N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[124]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pretransplant blood
transfusions revisited: a role for CD(4+) regulatory T cells?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S26-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106469.12073.01
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Roelen D; Brand A; Claas FH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Immunohematology and
Bloodtransfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. d.l.roelen@lumc.nl.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Pretransplant blood transfusions have been
shown to improve organ allograft survival. However, the immunologic mechanism
leading to this beneficial effect of blood transfusions is still unknown. The
observation that transfusions sharing at least one HLA-DR antigen (human
leukocyte antigen) with the recipient are more effective than HLA-mismatched
transfusions has led to the hypothesis that CD(4+) regulatory T cells are induced
that recognize allopeptides of the blood transfusion donor in the context of
the self-HLA-DR molecule on the donor cells. In vitro studies showed that
CD(4+) T cells recognizing an allopeptide in the context of self-HLA-DR are
indeed able to decrease the alloimmune response of autologous T cells by
affecting the activated T cells directly or indirectly by their modulatory
effect on dendritic cells. The first studies in a patient with a
well-functioning kidney graft after receiving an HLA-DR-matched pretransplant
blood transfusion showed that the low organ donor-specific cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte response after transplantation was indeed attributable to the
activity of regulatory CD(4+) T cells. N.
Ref:: 24
----------------------------------------------------
[125]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The future of
antigen-specific immunotherapy of allergy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2002 Jun;2(6):446-53.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/nri824
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Valenta R
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pathophysiology, University
of Vienna Medical School, Vienna General Hospital-AKH, Australia. Rudolf.valenta@akh-wein.ac.at
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - More than 25% of the population in
industrialized countries suffers from immunoglobulin-E-mediated allergies. The
antigen-specific immunotherapy that is in use at present involves the
administration of allergen extracts to patients with the aim to cure allergic
symptoms. However, the risk of therapy-induced side effects limits its broad
application. Recent work indicates that the epitope complexity of natural
allergen extracts can be recreated using recombinant allergens, and hypoallergenic
derivatives of these can be engineered to increase treatment safety. It is
proposed that these modified molecules will improve the current practice of
specific immunotherapy and form a basis for prophylactic vaccination. N. Ref:: 120
----------------------------------------------------
[126]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase-expressing antigen-presenting cells and peripheral T-cell
tolerance: another piece to the atopic puzzle?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 Nov;112(5):854-60.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/S0091
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - von Bubnoff D; Hanau D; Wenzel J; Takikawa
O; Hall B; Koch S; Bieber T
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Dermatology,
Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - There is growing evidence that dendritic
cells, the major antigen-presenting cells and T-cell activators, have a broad
effect on peripheral T-cell tolerance and regulation of immunity. Very
recently, a new feature of regulatory antigen-presenting cells was observed.
Certain dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages express the enzyme
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and thus because of enhanced degradation of the
essential amino acid tryptophan, they modulate T-cell activity in specific
local tissue environments. In this review we discuss the various and apparently
disparate effects of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase induction in cells of the
immune system. We place current knowledge about this mechanism in the context
of atopy. We introduce the hypothesis that tryptophan degradation might add to
the ability to control and downregulate allergen-specific T-cell responses in
atopic individuals. N.
Ref:: 44
----------------------------------------------------
[127]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cross-presentation in
viral immunity and self-tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2001 Nov;1(2):126-34.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35100512
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Heath WR; Carbone FR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza
Hall Institute, Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. heath@wehi.edu.au
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - T lymphocytes recognize peptide antigens
presented by class I and class II molecules encoded by the major
histocompatibility complex (MHC). Classical antigen-presentation studies showed
that MHC class I molecules present peptides derived from proteins synthesized
within the cell, whereas MHC class II molecules present exogenous proteins
captured from the environment. Emerging evidence indicates, however, that
dendritic cells have a specialized capacity to process exogenous antigens into
the MHC class I pathway. This function, known as cross-presentation, provides
the immune system with an important mechanism for generating immunity to
viruses and tolerance to self. N.
Ref:: 83
----------------------------------------------------
[128]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dendritic cells and the
mode of action of anticalcineurinic drugs: an integrating hypothesis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nephrol Dial Transplant. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ndt.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: <> 2003 Mar;18(3):467-8;
discussion 469-70.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Fierro A; Mora JR; Bono MR; Morales J;
Buckel E; Sauma D; Rosemblatt M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Clinica las Condes, Transplantation Unit,
Santiago, Chile. afierro@vtr.net N. Ref:: 16
----------------------------------------------------
[129]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Scedosporium
prolificans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child treated with voriconazole
and caspofungin, as well as locally applied polyhexamethylene biguanide.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Clin Microbiol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://jcm.asm.org/
●●
Cita: J. Clinical Microbiology: <> 2003 Aug;41(8):3981-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Steinbach WJ; Schell WA; Miller JL;
Perfect JR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pediatrics, Duke University,
Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. stein022@mc.duke.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Scedosporium species are increasingly
isolated from immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Unfortunately,
Scedosporium infections are generally resistant to amphotericin B, and
Scedosporium prolificans strains are particularly resistant to the antifungal
agents now in use. We report here on an immunocompetent child with S.
prolificans-associated osteomyelitis successfully treated with debridement,
local irrigation with polyhexamethylene biguanide, and the systemic
administration of voriconazole and caspofungin despite poor in vitro activity
of voriconazole alone against the isolate. We also review the treatments and
outcomes of 28 reported cases of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis caused by
Scedosporium species in immunocompetent patients. N. Ref:: 62
----------------------------------------------------
[130]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Therapeutic management
of extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus
infection.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Rheumatology (Oxford). Acceso gratuito al
texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://rheumatology.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Rheumatology (Oxford): <> 2003 Jul;42(7):818-28. Epub 2003 Apr 16.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1093/rheumatology/keg299
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ramos-Casals M; Trejo O; Garcia-Carrasco
M; Font J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Autoimmune Diseases,
Clinical Institutes of Infection and Immunology, Insitut d’Investigacions
Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, Department of Medicine, School
of Medicine, University of Barcelona, España. mramos@clinic.ub.es N. Ref:: 123
----------------------------------------------------
[131]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Manipulation of
dendritic cells for tolerance induction in transplantation and autoimmune
disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2002 Jan 15;73(1
Suppl):S19-22.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lu L; Thomson AW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation
Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. Lul@msx.upmc.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells (DC) constitute a complex
system of uniquely well-equipped antigen-presenting cells that initiate and
regulate immune responses. Extensive recent studies have improved our
understanding of DC development, differentiation, activation, and function. DC
exist as distinct subsets that differ in their lineage affiliation, surface
molecule expression, and biological function. These factors seem to determine
the T-cell polarizing signals and type of T cell response-T helper 1, T helper
2, or T regulatory- induced by DC (1). Evidence has accumulated that DC play an
important role in both central and peripheral tolerance via various mechanisms,
including induction of T-cell anergy, immune deviation, T regulatory cell
activity, and promotion of activated T-cell apoptosis. Although many of the
details of the molecular basis of DC tolerogenicity have yet to be elucidated,
emerging information suggests that costimulatory molecule deficiency,
expression of death-inducing ligands (in particular Fas [CD95] ligand),
microenvironmental factors (in particular anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive
cytokines), and inhibition of gene transcription regulatory proteins (e.g.,
nuclear factor-kappaB) can impart tolerogenic potential to DC (2). Manipulation
of DC by control of their maturation and differentiation, or genetic
engineering of these cells to express immunosuppressive molecules, offers
potential for therapy of allograft rejection and autoimmune disease. In this
brief overview, we outline principles and methods for generation of
“tolerogenic” DC and outcomes that have been reported in experimental models.
Space constraints limit literature citations.
N. Ref:: 18
----------------------------------------------------
[132]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - To DRiP or not to DRiP:
generating peptide ligands for MHC class I molecules from biosynthesized
proteins.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Mol Immunol 2002 Oct;39(3-4):139-46.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Yewdell J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
Room 211 Bldg 4, 4 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-0440, USA. jyewdell@nih.gov N. Ref:: 75
----------------------------------------------------
[133]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Renal transplantation:
can we reduce calcineurin inhibitor/stop steroids? Evidence based on protocol
biopsy findings.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Am Soc Nephrol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jasn.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: <> 2003
Mar;14(3):755-66.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gotti E; Perico N; Perna A; Gaspari F;
Cattaneo D; Caruso R; Ferrari S; Stucchi N; Marchetti G; Abbate M; Remuzzi G
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine and
Transplantation, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Mario Negri Institute for
Pharmacological Research, Italy.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - How to combine antirejection drugs and
which is the optimal dose of steroids and calcineurin inhibitors beyond the
first year after kidney transplantation to maintain adequate immunosuppression
without major side effects are far from clear. Kidney transplant patients on
steroid, cyclosporine (CsA), and azathioprine were randomized to per-protocol
biopsy (n = 30) or no-biopsy (n = 29) 1 to 2 yr posttransplant. Steroid or CsA
were discontinued or reduced on the basis of biopsy to establish effects on
drug-related complications, acute rejection, and graft function over 3 yr of
follow-up. Serum creatinine, GFR (plasma clearance of iohexol), RPF (renal
clearance of p-aminohippurate), CsA pharmacokinetics, and adverse events were
monitored yearly. At the end, patients underwent a second biopsy. Per-protocol
biopsy histology revealed no lesions (n = 5, steroid withdrawal), CsA
nephropathy (n = 13, CsA discontinuation/reduction), or chronic rejection (n =
12, standard therapy). Reducing the drug regimen led to overall fewer side
effects related to immunosuppression as compared with standard therapy or
no-biopsy. Steroids were safely stopped with no acute rejection or graft loss.
Complete CsA discontinuation was associated with acute rejection in the first
four patients. Lowering CsA to low target CsA trough (30 to 70 ng/ml) never led
to acute rejection or major renal function deterioration. Biopsy patients on
conventional regimen had no acute rejection, one graft loss, no significant
change in GFR, and significant RPF decline. No-biopsy controls: no acute
rejection, one graft loss, significant decline of GFR and RPF. By serial biopsy
analysis, severe lesions did not develop in patients with steroid
discontinuation in contrast to patients on standard therapy over follow-up. CsA
reduction did not adversely affect histology. Per-protocol biopsy more than 1
yr after kidney transplantation is a safe procedure to guide change of drug
regimen and to lower the risk of major side effects.
----------------------------------------------------
[134]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Clinical protocol.
Purging of autologous stem cell sources with bcl-x(s) adenovirus for women
undergoing high-dose chemotherapy for stage IV breast carcinoma.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Hum Gene Ther 2001 Nov 1;12(16):2023-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ayash LJ; Clarke M; Adams P; Ferrara J;
Ratanatharathorn V; Reynolds C; Roessler B; Silver S; Strawderman M; Uberti J;
Wicha M
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and
autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is frequently used to treat
patients with metastatic cancer including breast cancer and neuroblastoma.
However, the bone marrow of such patients is often contaminated with tumor
cells. Recently, we have found that a recombinant adenovirus vector that
contains a bcl-x, minigene (a dominant negative inhibitor of the bcl-2 family),
called the bcl-x(s) adenovirus, is lethal to cancer cells derived from
epithelial tissues, but not to normal human hematopoietic cells. To determine
the mechanism, by which this virus spares normal hematopoietic cells, we
isolated normal mouse hematopoietic stem cells and infected them with an
adenovirus that contains a beta-galactosidase minigene. Such cells do not
express beta-galactosidase, indicating that hematopoietic stem cells do not
express transgene encoded by adenovirus vectors based upon the RSV-AD5 vector
system. When breast cancer cells mixed with hematopoietic cells were infected
with the bcl-x(s) adenovirus, cancer cells were selectively killed by the suicide
adenoviruses. Hematopoietic cells exposed to the suicide vectors were able to
reconstitute the bone marrow of mice exposed to lethal doses of y-irradiation.
These studies suggest that adenovirus suicide vectors may provide a simple and
effective method to selectively eliminate cancer cells derived from epithelial
tissue that contaminate bone marrow to be used for autologous BMT. We therefore
propose to initiate a phase I clinical trial to test the safety of this virus
in women with breast cancer undergoing high does chemotherapy and autologous
BMT.
----------------------------------------------------
[135]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Drug immunosuppression
therapy for adult heart transplantation. Part 1: immune response to allograft
and mechanism of action of immunosuppressants.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Jan;77(1):354-62.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Mueller XM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. xavier.mueller@usherbrooke.ca
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - In the early days of transplantation,
immunosuppression therapy was rather broad and nonspecific, mainly using
high-dose corticosteroids and azathioprine. Thereafter we progressively
narrowed the target of immunosuppressive strategy starting with polyclonal
antibodies. The introduction of cyclosporine, OKT3, and tacrolimus further
narrowed the target on the T-cell pathways. More recently mycophenolate mofetil
progressively took the place of azathioprine with its higher lymphocyte
specificity and sirolimus and interleukin-2 receptor antibodies were
introduced. In this field in constant movement the aim is to find a drug or a
regimen that provides optimal immunosuppression therapy with minimal side
effects, in other words to find the right balance between overimmunosuppression
and underimmunosuppression therapy. This review is divided into two parts. The
first part will provide a basic understanding of the immunologic response to
allograft and explain how conventional and recently introduced
immunosuppressive agents work. The second part will describe the clinical
application of immunosuppressive drugs to provide practical information for
those in charge of heart transplant recipients. N. Ref:: 68
----------------------------------------------------
[136]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulation of gene
expression in lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells by measles virus:
consequences for immunomodulation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Mol Med 2002 Feb;80(2):73-85. Epub 2001
Nov 15.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00109-001-0299-x
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Schneider-Schaulies S; Bieback K; Avota E;
Klagge I; ter Meulen V
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute for Virology and Immunobiology,
University of Wurzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany. s-s-s@vim.uni-wuerzburg.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Acute measles, a well known disease
usually contracted during early childhood, is still the major cause of
vaccine-preventable infant deaths worldwide. There are about 40 million cases
of acute measles per year, with more than one million cases of infant death as
a consequence of measles. These are mainly due to opportunistic infections
which develop on the basis of a generalized suppression of the cellular
immunity in the course and after the acute disease. Lymphopenia, a general
proliferative unresponsiveness of T cells ex vivo and cytokine imbalance, are
considered as major hallmarks of measles virus (MV) induced immunosuppression.
These findings are compatible with modulation of T cell responses by viral
interference with professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells
or direct effects on T cells by suppression of survival or proliferation
signals. In vitro, MV interaction causes a variety of effects on dendritic
cells, including maturation and loss of their allostimulatory functions.
Whether there is an additional impact on the quality of T cell responses is
unknown as yet. It is clear, however, that surface interaction of lymphocytes
with the MV glycoprotein complex is necessary and sufficient to induce a state
of proliferative unresponsiveness in T cells. This surface contact mediated
signal essentially interferes with the propagation of the interleukin 2
receptor signal by blocking the activation of the protein kinase B, also called
Akt kinase, both in vitro and after experimental infection. N. Ref:: 122
----------------------------------------------------
[137]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Rationale for trials of
long-term mycophenolate mofetil therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Hepatology 2002 Feb;35(2):258-62.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/jhep.2002.31607
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Jones EA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver
Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E.A.Jones@amc.uva.nl N. Ref:: 51
----------------------------------------------------
[138]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The history and future
of T-cell depletion as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis for allogeneic
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2001 Dec 1;98(12):3192-204.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ho VT; Soiffer RJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA. N. Ref:: 244
----------------------------------------------------
[139]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Ultraviolet
light-induced regulatory (suppressor) T cells: an approach for promoting
induction of operational allograft tolerance?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S29-31.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000112969.24120.64
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Aubin F; Mousson C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Dermatology and EA3181,
University Hospital, Besancon, France. francois.aubin@ufc-chu.univ-fcomte.fr.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Ultraviolet (UV) light is known to induce
skin cancers by causing DNA gene mutations and inducing immunosuppression.
Taking advantage of these immunosuppressive capacities, UV light has been used,
with different modalities, as an immunosuppressive therapy in a variety of
diseases including allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Phototherapy
includes UVB irradiation, UVA irradiation, oral psoralen (+)UVA irradiation
(PUVA), photodynamic therapy, and extracorporeal photopheresis, which consists
of infusion of UVA-irradiated autologous leukocytes collected by apheresis and
incubated with 8-methoxypsoralen. According to numerous experimental models and
human data, there is increasing evidence that UVB irradiation and
extracorporeal photopheresis can induce regulatory T cells and anticlonotypic
activity. These therapies induce apoptosis of activated T cells or of
extracorporally treated mononuclear cells, and up-regulate the expression of
costimulary molecules and adhesion molecules on antigen presenting cells. UVB-
or UVA-induced apoptotic cells could secrete immune suppressive cytokines (interleukin
(IL)-4, IL-10). The processing and presentation of apoptotic T cell antigens
from clones of pathogenic T cells by activated antigen presenting cells might
explain the induction of systemic anticlonotypic activity by photopheresis.
This induction of cell-mediated suppressive activity opens up future prospects
with the aim of expanding regulatory T cells and/or anticlonotypic activity,
especially by photopheresis in organ and cell transplantation. N. Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[140]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Mammalian target of
rapamycin inhibition as therapy for hematologic malignancies.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cancer 2004 Feb 15;100(4):657-66.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/cncr.20026
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Panwalkar A; Verstovsek S; Giles FJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Section of Developmental Therapeutics,
Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
is a downstream effector of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt
(protein kinase B) signaling pathway, which mediates cell survival and
proliferation. mTOR regulates essential signal-transduction pathways, is
involved in the coupling of growth stimuli with cell cycle progression, and
initiates mRNA translation in response to favorable nutrient environments. mTOR
is involved in regulating many aspects of cell growth, including membrane
traffic, protein degradation, protein kinase C signaling, ribosome biogenesis,
and transcription. Because mTOR activates both the 40S ribosomal protein S6
kinase (p70s6k) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, its
inhibitors cause G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Inhibitors of mTOR also prevent
cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) activation, inhibit retinoblastoma protein
phosphorylation, and accelerate the turnover of cyclin D1, leading to a
deficiency of active CDK4/cyclin D1 complexes, all of which may help cause
G1-phase arrest. It is known that the phosphatase and tensin homologue tumor
suppressor gene (PTEN) plays a major role in embryonic development, cell migration,
and apoptosis. Malignancies with PTEN mutations, which are associated with
constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, are relatively resistant to
apoptosis and may be particularly sensitive to mTOR inhibitors. Rapamycin
analogs with relatively favorable pharmaceutical properties, including CCI-779,
RAD001, and AP23573, are under investigation in patients with hematologic
malignancies. N.
Ref:: 116
----------------------------------------------------
[141]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cholesteryl ester
transfer protein facilitates the movement of water-insoluble drugs between
lipoproteins: a novel biological function for a well-characterized lipid
transfer protein.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Biochem Pharmacol 2002 Dec
15;64(12):1669-75.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kwong M; Wasan KM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Pharmaceutics and
Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British
Columbia, 2146 East Mall Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - This review article addresses the recently
discovered finding that cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) can
facilitate the transfer of water-insoluble drugs between different lipoprotein
subclasses. This protein, which is often referred to as lipid transfer protein
I (LTP I), is involved in the lipid regulation of lipoproteins. It is
responsible for the facilitated transfer of core lipoprotein lipids,
cholesteryl ester and triglycerides, and approximately one-third of the coat
lipoprotein lipid, phosphatidylcholine, between different plasma lipoproteins.
The human body appears to recognize exogenous water-insoluble drugs as
lipid-like particles, which suggests that these compounds may interact with
lipoproteins just like endogenous plasma lipids, and thus their transfer
between lipoproteins may be facilitated by plasma CETP. Patients with a variety
of diseases (i.e. diabetes, cancer, AIDS) often exhibit hypo- and/or
hypercholesterolemia and triglyceridemia, commonly referred to as
dyslipidemias, which result in changes in their plasma lipoprotein-lipid
composition and concentration. The interaction of water-insoluble drugs with
these dyslipidemic lipoproteins may be responsible for the differences seen in
the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug within different diseased
patient populations. It is possible that these differences may be linked to the
ability of CETP to transfer these compounds from one lipoprotein to another.
This review examines the current understanding of the relationship between CETP
activity and the lipoprotein distribution of a number of compounds (e.g.
amphotericin B and cyclosporine A). It further suggests that additional
research will expand our understanding of the role of CETP to explain other
functions in lipophilic drug distribution and metabolism. N. Ref:: 45
----------------------------------------------------
[142]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Heme oxygenase in liver
transplantation: heme catabolism and metabolites in the search of function.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Hepatology 2003 Aug;38(2):286-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1053/jhep.2003.50360
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Bauer M
N. Ref:: 31
----------------------------------------------------
[143]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Advances in
transplantation tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2001 Jun 16;357(9272):1959-63.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Yu X; Carpenter P; Anasetti C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Human Immunogenetics Program, Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Immunosuppressive drugs developed in the
past two decades have improved the short-term survival of organ allografts, but
tolerance has not been achieved and almost all transplant recipients continue
to require drugs throughout life. Graft rejection arises from the cognate
interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells, the recognition of
alloantigen through the T-cell receptor, and the delivery of accessory
stimulation signals. Once activated by the specific antigen, replicating T
cells die if they are re-exposed to the same antigen. Since depletion of
antigen-activated T cells is one critical mechanism of transplantation
tolerance, drugs such as ciclosporin that interfere with activation-induced
T-cell death could inhibit tolerance, whereas drugs such as mycophenolate
mofetil, that induce the death of activated T cells, could facilitate
tolerance. Other tolerance mechanisms depend on inactivation rather than
elimination of allograft reactive T cells. When antigen recognition occurs
without costimulation through the CD28 and CD154 accessory receptors, or in
absence of cell division, T cells become unresponsive. Thus, inhibitors of CD28
and CD154, and inhibition of T-cell division by rapamycin promotes
transplantation tolerance. N.
Ref:: 54
----------------------------------------------------
[144]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Rational use of new and
existing disease-modifying agents in rheumatoid arthritis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Intern Med. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.annals.org/
●●
Cita: Annals of Internal Medicine: <> 2001 Apr 17;134(8):695-706.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kremer JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - The Center for Rheumatology, Albany, New
York, USA. jkremer@rheum-docs.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Because of radiographic evidence of
progressive bone loss and the inability to eliminate synovial proliferation
with methotrexate, it became apparent that therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
needed further advancement. Methotrexate is not a remission-inducing drug and
may have dose-limiting toxicity. In the past 2 years, three new
disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been approved: leflunomide,
etanercept, and infliximab. Each of these agents has demonstrated efficacy
compared with placebo in randomized, controlled studies. Because methotrexate
had a dominant therapeutic role, the new drugs were also studied in combination
with it. Other established DMARDs, such as sulfasalazine and
hydroxychloroquine, have also demonstrated efficacy when used together with
methotrexate. The results of these combination studies clearly demonstrate that
clinical responses can be meaningfully improved when new and existing DMARDs
are added to methotrexate. Although toxicity remains a serious concern when
powerful immune modulators and antimetabolites are used in combination,
relatively few serious adverse events have been reported during 2-year treatment
periods. It has also become apparent that combinations of new DMARDs and
methotrexate virtually halt radiographic progression over 2 years. The new
agents are expensive, but annual costs must be weighed against the personal and
societal expense of joint arthroplasty, hospitalizations, disability, and
diminished quality of life that accompanies poorly controlled rheumatoid
arthritis. The ultimate value of combination DMARD therapy with methotrexate
will be determined by long-term data on safety, efficacy, and effects on
radiographic deterioration of bone. Additional long-term observational data on
the incidence of joint arthroplasty and disability will help to place the issue
of societal costs in a better perspective. This will allow the value of aggressive
treatment to be established with certainty.
N. Ref:: 87
----------------------------------------------------
[145]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunisations in
solid-organ transplant recipients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Lancet 2002 Mar 16;359(9310):957-65.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Stark K; Gunther M; Schonfeld C; Tullius
SG; Bienzle U
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Tropical Medicine, Charite,
Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. starkk@rki.de
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Solid-organ transplant recipients are at
increased risk of various infectious diseases, some of which are vaccine
preventable mmunisations are among the most efficient interventions available.
Solid-organ tranplant recipients would greatly benefit from effective
immunisations, provided the recommendations are based on a careful risk-benefit
analysis in which the effectiveness of the vaccine is weighed against possible
adverse reactions, including graft rejection. In this review, we summarise the
data from studies on relevant immunisations in solid-organ transplant
recipients. The major issues are the immunogenicity and safety of
immunisations, the factors associated with poor immune response, and
recommendations for immunisation schemes.
N. Ref:: 94
----------------------------------------------------
[146]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Xenotransplantation and
other means of organ replacement.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nat Rev Immunol 2001 Nov;1(2):154-60.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/35100578
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cascalho M; Platt JL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery and Immunology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Exciting new technologies, such as
cellular transplantation, organogenesis and xenotransplantation, are thought to
be promising approaches for the treatment of human disease. The feasibility of
applying these technologies, however, might be limited by biological and
immunological hurdles. Here, we consider whether, and how, xenotransplantation
and various other technologies might be applied in future efforts to replace or
supplement the function of human organs and tissues. N. Ref:: 73
----------------------------------------------------
[147]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Clinical development of
mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2002
Oct;16(5):1101-14.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Dancey JE
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Cancer Treatment Evaluation Program,
Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Investigational Drug
Branch/CTEP/DCTD/NCI, 6130 Executive Boulevard, EPN 7131, Rockville, MD 20854,
USA. danceyj@ctep.nci.nih.gov
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Rapamycin and CCI-779 have significant in
vitro and in vivo anti-proliferative activity against a broad range of human
tumor cell lines, justifying the clinical evaluation of this class of agent in
cancer patients. Preliminary results from phase I studies of CCI-779 suggest
that the agent is well tolerated and has anti-tumor activity. The challenge to
investigators is to efficiently determine what role this class of agent will
play in the treatment of cancer patients.
N. Ref:: 69
----------------------------------------------------
[148]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Severe Ehrlichia
chaffeensis infection in a lung transplant recipient: a review of ehrlichiosis
in the immunocompromised patient.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Emerg Infect Dis. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.cdc.gov/
●●
Cita: Emerging Infectious Diseases: <> 2002 Mar;8(3):320-3.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Safdar N; Love RB; Maki DG
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Section of Infectious Diseases, University
of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - We describe a case of human ehrlichiosis
in a lung transplant recipient and review published reports on ehrlichiosis in
immunocompromised patients. Despite early therapy with doxycycline, our patient
had unusually severe illness with features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic
purpura. Of 23 reported cases of ehrlichiosis in immunocompromised patients,
organ failure occurred in all patients and 6 (25%) died. N. Ref:: 32
----------------------------------------------------
[149]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Survival after
HLA-identical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow
transplantation for hematologic malignancies: meta-analysis of randomized
controlled trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Bone Marrow Transplant 2003
Aug;32(3):293-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/sj.bmt.1704112
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Horan JT; Liesveld JL; Fernandez ID; Lyman
GH; Phillips GL; Lerner NB; Fisher SG
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pediatrics, University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The impact of peripheral blood stem cell
transplantation (PBSCT) on survival relative to bone marrow transplantation
(BMT) remains poorly defined. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
comparing HLA-matched related PBSC- and BMT for patients with hematologic
malignancies have been published, yielding differing results. We conducted a
meta-analysis of published RCTs to more precisely estimate the effect of PBSCT
on survival. Seven trials that assessed survival were identified and included
in our analysis. Using a fixed effects model, and combining the results of all
seven trials, the summary odds ratio for mortality after PBSCT was 0.81 (95%
CI, 0.62-1.05) when compared to BMT. Subgroup analysis revealed no association
between the median PBSCT 34+ cell dose and relative risk for morality after
PBSCT. However, there was an association between the proportion of patients
enrolled with advanced-stage disease and the summary odds ratio for mortality.
The pooled estimate was 0.64 for studies where patients with
intermediate/advanced disease comprised at least 25% of enrollment, and was
1.07 for the studies enrolling a smaller proportion. This finding substantiates
results from previously published studies that have demonstrated a survival
advantage with PBSCT limited to patients with advanced disease.
----------------------------------------------------
[150]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - One-year survival in
patients with acute myocardial infarction and a saphenous vein graft culprit
treated with primary angioplasty.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Cardiol 2003 May 15;91(10):1250-4.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nguyen TT; O’Neill WW; Grines CL; Stone
GW; Brodie BR; Cox DA; Grines LL; Boura JA; Dixon SR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak,
Michigan 48073, USA.
----------------------------------------------------
[151]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Regulatory T cells in
kidney transplant recipients: active players but to what extent?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Am Soc Nephrol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jasn.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: <> 2003
Jun;14(6):1706-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Zhai Y; Kupiec-Weglinski JW N. Ref:: 20
----------------------------------------------------
[152]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The bare lymphocyte syndrome
and the regulation of MHC expression.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Annu Rev Immunol 2001;19:331-73.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.331
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Reith W; Mach B
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Jeantet Laboratory of Molecular Genetics,
Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Geneva Medical School, 1
rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4, 1211 Switzerland. Walter.Reith@medecine.unige.ch
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) is a
hereditary immunodeficiency resulting from the absence of major
histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Considering the central
role of MHCII molecules in the development and activation of CD4(+) T cells, it
is not surprising that the immune system of the patients is severely impaired.
BLS is the prototype of a “disease of gene regulation.” The affected genes
encode RFXANK, RFX5, RFXAP, and CIITA, four regulatory factors that are highly
specific and essential for MHCII genes. The first three are subunits of RFX, a
trimeric complex that binds to all MHCII promoters. CIITA is a non-DNA-binding
coactivator that functions as the master control factor for MHCII expression.
The study of RFX and CIITA has made major contributions to our comprehension of
the molecular mechanisms controlling MHCII genes and has made this system into
a textbook model for the regulation of gene expression. N. Ref:: 183
----------------------------------------------------
[153]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prediction of an
HLA-DR-binding peptide derived from Wilms’ tumour 1 protein and demonstration
of in vitro immunogenicity of WT1(124-138)-pulsed dendritic cells generated
according to an optimised protocol.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cancer Immunol Immunother 2002
Jul;51(5):271-81. Epub 2002 Apr 26.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1007/s00262-002-0278-2
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Knights AJ; Zaniou A; Rees RC; Pawelec G;
Muller L
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of Tubingen, Section for
Transplantation Immunology and Immunohaematology, Second Department of Internal
Medicine, Zentrum fur Medizinische Forschung ZMF, Waldhornlestrasse 22, 72072
Tubingen, Germany.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The Wilms’ tumour 1 (WT1) protein is
over-expressed in several types of cancer including leukaemias and might
therefore constitute a novel target for immunotherapy. Recently, human
leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I-binding WT1 peptides have been identified and
shown to stimulate CD8(+) T cells in vitro. For maximal CD8 cell efficacy,
CD4(+) helper T cells responding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class
II-binding epitopes are required. Here, we report that scanning the WT1 protein
sequence using an evidence-based predictive computer algorithm (SYFPEITHI)
yielded a peptide WT1(124-138) predicted to bind the HLA-DRB1*0401 molecule
with high affinity. Moreover, synthetic WT1(124-138)-peptide-pulsed dendritic
cells (DC), generated according to a protocol optimised in the present study,
sensitised T cells in vitro to proliferate and secrete interferon-gamma
(IFN-gamma) when rechallenged with specific peptide-pulsed DC, but not with
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These results suggest that the WT1
protein may yield epitopes immunogenic to CD4 as well as CD8 T cells, and
therefore constitute a novel potential target for specific immunotherapy.
----------------------------------------------------
[154]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Induction of T cell
alertness by bacterial colonization of intestinal epithelium.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 6 meses de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.pnas.org/
●●
Cita: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS): <> 2002 Mar 5;99(5):2584-6.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1073/pnas.062058399
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Spies T
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
Clinical Research Division, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
tspies@fhcrc.org N. Ref:: 32
----------------------------------------------------
[155]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interleukin 2 receptor
antagonists for kidney transplant recipients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2004;1:CD003897.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/14651858.CD003897.pub2
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Webster A; Playford E; Higgins G; Chapman
J; Craig J
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s
Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, AUSTRALIA, 2145.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Interleukin 2 receptor
antagonists (IL2Ra) are used as induction therapy for prophylaxis against acute
rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Use of IL2Ra has increased steadily,
with 38% of new kidney transplant recipients in the United States, and 23% in
Australasia receiving IL2Ra in 2002. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to
systematically identify and summarise the effects of using an IL2Ra, as an
addition to standard therapy, or as an alternative to other antibody therapy.
SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Renal Group’s specialised register (June 2003),
the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (in The Cochrane Library issue 3,
2002), MEDLINE (1966-November 2002) and EMBASE (1980-November 2002). Reference
lists and abstracts of conference proceedings and scientific meetings were
hand-searched from 1998-2003. Trial groups, authors of included reports and
drug manufacturers were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled
trials (RCTs) in all languages comparing IL2Ra to placebo, no treatment, other
IL2Ra or other antibody therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data was
extracted and quality assessed independently by two reviewers, with differences
resolved by discussion. Dichotomous outcomes are reported as relative risk (RR)
with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen
reports from 38 trials involving 4893 participants were included. Where IL2Ra
were compared with placebo (17 trials; 2786 patients), graft loss was not
significantly different at one (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.04) or three years
(RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.22). Acute rejection (AR) was significantly reduced
at six months (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.74) and at one year (RR 0.67, 95% CI
0.60 to 0.75). At one year, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (RR 0.82, 95% CI
0.65 to 1.03) and malignancy (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.36) were not
significantly different. Where IL2Ra were compared with other antibody therapy
no significant differences in treatment effects were demonstrated, but adverse
effects strongly favoured IL2Ra. REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS: Given a 40% risk of
rejection, seven patients would need treatment with IL2Ra to prevent one
patient having rejection, with no definite improvement in graft or patient
survival. There is no apparent difference between basiliximab and daclizumab.
IL2Ra are as effective as other antibody therapies and with significantly fewer
side effects
----------------------------------------------------
[156]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Treatment of nephrotic
syndrome in children and controlled trials.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nephrol Dial Transplant. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ndt.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: <> 2003 Aug;18 Suppl 6:vi75-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Filler G
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Paediatrics, Division of
Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa,
Canada. filler@cheo.on.ca
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - AIM: To determine the sequential therapy
of childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) with presumed minimal change nephropathy
using the evidence from clinical trials. METHODS: Meta-analysis of 22
randomized controlled trials was performed, using frequency of relapse and side
effects of therapeutic regimes. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of seven trials
comparing duration of therapy for initial onset showed that duration of at
least 3 months significantly reduced the risk of relapse at 12-24 months
(relative risk 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.60-0.89) without an increase in adverse
events. Five trials were performed for steroid treatment of relapse.
Deflazacort reduced relapses during therapy, but is not generally available. No
difference was observed when comparing single and divided dosing of prednisone.
Frequency of relapses could not be influenced by duration of relapse therapy.
Alternate day therapy was more effective than intermittent use of prednisone.
Two studies out of five on cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil showed consistently
that alkylating agents should be used before cyclosporine as alternative
therapy to steroids. CONCLUSIONS: Children with initial onset of NS should be
treated with prednisone at a dose of 60 mg/m(2)/day for 6 weeks, followed by a
dose of 40 mg/m(2)/48 h for at least another 6 weeks. If steroid toxicity for
treatment of relapsing NS requires alternative treatment, cyclophosphamide (2
mg/kg/day for at least 8 weeks) remains the drug of choice with a curative
potential. If children still relapse after alkylating agents, levamisole may
serve as an alternative only for frequent relapsing NS, whereas
steroid-dependent NS should be treated with cyclosporine.
----------------------------------------------------
[157]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Interventions for
bullous pemphigoid.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2003;(3):CD002292.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/14651858.CD002292
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Khumalo N; Kirtschig G; Middleton P;
Hollis S; Wojnarowska F; Murrell D
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Dermatology Department, Groote Schuur
Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Western
Cape, South Africa.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Bullous pemphigoid is the most
common autoimmune bullous disease in the West. Oral steroids are considered the
standard treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of treatments for bullous
pemphigoid. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Skin Group Specialised Register,
the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE to March
2003 and bibliographies from identified studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised
controlled trials of treatments for patients with immunofluorescence confirmed
bullous pemphigoid. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers evaluated the
studies in terms of the inclusion criteria, five extracted data independently;
disagreements were resolved by discussion. Statistical pooling of the data was
inappropriate because of heterogeneity of treatments. MAIN RESULTS: We found
seven randomised controlled trials with a total of 634 patients. All studies
involved different comparisons, none included a placebo group.Different doses,
different formulations of corticosteroids and the addition of azathioprine
failed to show significant differences in measures of disease control. However,
patients who took azathioprine were able to almost halve the amount of
prednisone required for disease control. Plasma exchange plus prednisone
achieved significantly better disease control than prednisone alone; this
favourable effect was not apparent in another study. The latter study also
compared plasma exchange or azathioprine plus prednisone, but failed to show
significant differences for disease control or mortality, although total
adverse events at six months almost reached statistical significance in favour
of plasma exchange plus prednisone. Comparing tetracycline plus nicotinamide
with prednisolone, no significant difference for disease response was shown. A
very potent topical corticosteroid was compared to oral prednisone in patients
with moderate and extensive disease. In patients with extensive disease, the
topical steroid group showed significantly better survival and disease control,
and less severe complications, while no significant differences for these
outcomes were seen in patients with moderate disease.Most of the reported
deaths were in patients taking high doses of oral corticosteroids. REVIEWER’S
CONCLUSIONS: Very potent topical steroids are effective and safe treatments for
bullous pemphigoid; their use in extensive disease may be limited by side
effects and practical factors.Starting doses of prednisolone greater than 0.75
mg/kg/day do not seem to give additional benefit, lower doses may be adequate
for disease control; this could reduce the incidence and severity of adverse
reactions.The effectiveness of the addition of plasma exchange or azathioprine
to corticosteroids has not been established.Combination treatment with
tetracycline and nicotinamide may be useful; this needs further
validation. N. Ref:: 38
----------------------------------------------------
[158]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Imiquimod 5% cream for
the treatment of cutaneous lesions in immunocompromised patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 2003
Sep;(214):23-7.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Johnson R; Stockfleth E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Bartlett Hall, Boston, MA 02114, USA. RAJOHNSON@PARTNERS.ORG N. Ref:: 43
----------------------------------------------------
[159]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Induction of immune
tolerance by dendritic cells: implications for preventative and therapeutic
immunotherapy of autoimmune disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunol Cell Biol 2002 Dec;80(6):509-19.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Thompson AG; Thomas R
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research,
Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells (DC) have a key role in
controlling the immune response, by determining the outcome of antigen
presentation to T cells. Through costimulatory molecules and other factors, DC
are involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance through modulation of
the immune response. This modulation occurs both constitutively, and in
inflammation, in order to prevent autoimmunity and to control established
immune responses. Dendritic cell control of immune responses may be mediated through
cytokine or cell-contact dependent mechanisms. The molecular and cellular basis
of these controls is being understood at an increasingly more complex level.
This understanding is reaching a level at which DC-based therapies for the
induction of immune regulation in autoimmunity can be tested in vivo. This
review outlines the current state of knowledge of DC in immune tolerance, and
proposes how DC might control both T cell responses, and themselves, to prevent
autoimmunity and maintain peripheral tolerance. N. Ref:: 135
----------------------------------------------------
[160]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pumping iron: the
strange partnership of the hemochromatosis protein, a class I MHC homolog, with
the transferrin receptor.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Traffic 2001 Mar;2(3):167-74.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Enns CA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Cell and Developmental
Biology, L-215, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. ennsca@ohsu.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - People suffering from hereditary
hemochromatosis (HH) can not regulate the uptake of iron properly and gradually
accumulate iron in their body over their lifetime. The protein involved in HH,
HFE, has been recently identified as a class I major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) homolog. The wild-type HFE associates and co-traffics with the
transferrin receptor (TfR). The mutation responsible for 83% of HH (C260Y)
results in the failure of HFE to form a critical disulfide bond, bind beta2 microglobulin,
bind TfR, and traffic to the cell surface. In non-polarized cells, the
partnership of HFE and TfR results in decreased iron uptake into cells. The
mechanism whereby a class I MHC homolog modifies the function of a membrane
receptor and how this dynamic complex of molecules regulates iron transport
across intestinal epithelial cells is the subject of this review. N. Ref:: 66
----------------------------------------------------
[161]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Plasticity of
hematopoietic stem cells: enough to induce tolerance and repair tissue?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Arthritis Rheum 2002 Apr;46(4):855-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1002/art.10201 [pii]
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Burt RK; Traynor AE; Oyama Y; Barr WG N. Ref:: 28
----------------------------------------------------
[162]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Effects of
immunosuppressive drugs on dendritic cells and tolerance induction.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 May 15;75(9 Suppl):37S-42S.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000067950.90241.1D
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lagaraine C; Lebranchu Y
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - EA 3249, Cellules hematopoietiques,
hemostase et greffe, Laboratoire d’immunologie, Faculte de medecine, Tours,
France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Dendritic cells, the most effective
antigen-presenting cells for priming naive T cells and initiating immune
responses, are also able to induce tolerance. This balance between immunity and
tolerance depends on the functional stage of dendritic cells (DC). Activation
of naive T cells by immature DC can induce tolerance. It is therefore of
interest to summarize the effects of immunosuppressive agents on DC maturation
and functions. In contrast to glucocorticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and
vitamin D(3) analogs, calcineurin inhibitors do not seem to inhibit DC
maturation in in vitro culture systems. However, these molecules all appear to
interfere with DC functions. N.
Ref:: 44
----------------------------------------------------
[163]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Nutritional
pharmacology in surgical patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Surg 2002 Apr;183(4):349-52.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Alexander JW
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgery, University of
Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio
45267-2558, USA. jwesley.alexander@uc.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The use of pharmaconutrition for
supportive care of surgical patients is now well established, but the field is
still in its infancy. Complex pharmaconutrient formulas containing arginine,
glutamine, and n-3 fatty acids have been proven to shorten hospital stay,
decrease the incidence of infection, and reduce hospital costs in selected
groups of patients. The effects are greatest in those patients with severe
trauma including burn injury, those undergoing major surgical procedures,
especially when malnourished, and those who are critically ill ICU patients
including patients with existing infection. The complex interaction of
pharmaconutrients and other pharmacologic agents are just now beginning to be
investigated. N.
Ref:: 22
----------------------------------------------------
[164]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - IL-10 and its related
cytokines for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - World J Gastroenterol. Acceso gratuito al
texto completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/wj.htm
●●
Cita: World Journal of Gastroenterology: <> 2004 Mar 1;10(5):620-5.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Li MC; He SH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Allergy and Inflammation Research Institute,
Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong
Province, China.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs),
including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory
disorders of gastrointestinal tract. Although the etiology is incompletely
understood, initiation and aggravation of the inflammatory process seem to be
due to a massive local mucosal immune response. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a
regulatory cytokine which inhibits both antigen presentation and subsequent
pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and it is proposed as a potent
anti-inflammatory biological therapy in chronic IBD. Many methods of IL-10 as a
treatment for IBD have been published. The new strategies of IL-10 treatment,
including recombinant IL-10, the use of genetically modified bacteria, gelatine
microsphere containing IL-10, adenoviral vectors encoding IL-10 and combining
regulatory T cells are discussed in this review. The advantages and
disadvantages of these IL-10 therapies are summarized. Although most results of
recombinant IL-10 therapies are disappointing in clinical testing because of
lacking efficacy or side effects, therapeutic strategies utilizing gene therapy
may enhance mucosal delivery and increase therapeutic response. Novel
IL-10-related cytokines, including IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28 and
IL-29, are involved in regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. The use
of IL-10 and IL-10-related cytokines will provide new insights into cell-based and
gene-based treatment against IBD in near future. N. Ref:: 54
----------------------------------------------------
[165]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Administration of donor
apoptotic cells: an alternative cell-based therapy to induce tolerance?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 May 15;75(9
Suppl):43S-45S.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000067951.90241.54
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kleinclauss F; Perruche S; Cahn JY;
Tiberghien P; Saas P
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - INSERM E0119/UPRES EA2284, Etablissement
Francais du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Universite de Franche-Comte,
Besancon, France.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Apoptotic cells are endowed with
immunomodulatory properties. The authors propose infusing apoptotic cells as a
cell-based therapy product to facilitate allogeneic hematopoietic engraftment
after a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. Such an approach may be used to
obtain macrochimerism in combined hematopoietic cells and solid organ
transplantation. In this article, the authors describe the mechanisms of
combined hematopoietic and organ allograft transplantation and the potential
difficulties. The authors discuss how intravenous apoptotic cell infusion may
influence the outcome of combined transplantation. This may prove to be an
interesting approach for future development in cell therapy. N. Ref:: 29
----------------------------------------------------
[166]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Potential role of major
histocompatibility complex class II peptides in regulatory tolerance to
vascularized grafts.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1
Suppl):S35-7.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000106472.91343.8D
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - LeGuern C
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Transplantation Biology Research Center,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA. leguern@helix.mgh.harvard.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The inactivation of persisting T
lymphocytes reactive to self- and non-self-antigens is a major arm of
operational immune tolerance in mammals. Silencing of such T cells proceeds
mostly by means of suppression, a process that is mediated by regulatory T-cell
subsets and especially by CD4(+)CD(25high) regulatory T cells (Treg). Although
Treg activation and ensuing suppressive activity appear to be major
histocompatibility complex class II dependent, the fine specificity of Treg
T-cell receptors has not yet been elucidated. Recent data from the author’s
laboratory on a class II gene therapy induction of tolerance to allogeneic
kidney grafts suggest that class II peptides are involved as generic signals
for Treg activation. A brief compilation of results that would support this
hypothesis is discussed in the present article. N. Ref:: 31
----------------------------------------------------
[167]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunosuppression and
xenotransplantation of cells for cardiac repair.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Feb;77(2):737-44.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1016/j.athoracsur.2003.08.036
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Xiao YF; Min JY; Morgan JP
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Stem Cell Research Laboratory, The Charles
A. Dana Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. yxiao@bidmc.harvard.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The death of highly vulnerable
cardiomyocytes during ischemia leads to cardiac dysfunction, including heart
failure. Due to limited proliferation of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, the
dead myocardium is replaced by noncontractile fibrotic tissue. Introducing exogenous
cells to participate in the regeneration of infarcted myocardium has thus been
proposed as a novel therapeutic approach. In view of the availability of
various xenogeneic cells and fewer ethical and political concerns that surround
human embryonic stem cells and fetal cardiomyocytes, cellular
xenotransplantation may be a potential alternative approach for cardiac repair
in humans. However, one of the most daunting challenges of xenotransplantation
is immunorejection. This article summarizes the progress in cellular
xenotransplantation for cardiac repair in experimental settings and the current
understanding of possible immune responses following the engraftment of
xenogeneic cells. The public attitude towards xenotransplantation is reportedly
more favorable to receiving cells or tissues than a whole organ, but many
scientific obstacles need to be overcome before the utilization of xenogeneic
cells for cardiac repair in patients with heart disease becomes applicable to
clinical practice. N.
Ref:: 82
----------------------------------------------------
[168]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Natural killer cell
receptors: new biology and insights into the graft-versus-leukemia effect.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2002 Sep 15;100(6):1935-47.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1182/blood-2002-02-0350
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Farag SS; Fehniger TA; Ruggeri L; Velardi
A; Caligiuri MA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Internal Medicine, Division
of Hematology/Oncology, The Ohio State University, A433A Starling Loving Hall,
320 W Tenth Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. farag-1@medctr.osu.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Natural killer (NK) cells have held great
promise for the immunotherapy of cancer for more than 3 decades. However, to
date only modest clinical success has been achieved manipulating the NK cell
compartment in patients with malignant disease. Progress in the field of NK
cell receptors has revolutionized our concept of how NK cells selectively
recognize and lyse tumor and virally infected cells while sparing normal cells.
Major families of cell surface receptors that inhibit and activate NK cells to
lyse target cells have been characterized, including killer cell
immunoglobulinlike receptors (KIRs), C-type lectins, and natural cytotoxicity
receptors (NCRs). Further, identification of NK receptor ligands and their
expression on normal and transformed cells completes the information needed to
begin development of rational clinical approaches to manipulating receptor/ligand
interactions for clinical benefit. Indeed, clinical data suggest that mismatch
of NK receptors and ligands during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may
be used to prevent leukemia relapse. Here, we review how NK cell receptors
control natural cytotoxicity and novel approaches to manipulating NK
receptor-ligand interactions for the potential benefit of patients with
cancer. N. Ref:: 134
----------------------------------------------------
[169]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Donor chimerism and stem
cell function in a murine congenic transplantation model after low-dose
radiation conditioning: effects of a retroviral-mediated gene transfer protocol
and implications for gene therapy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Exp Hematol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.medicinedirect.com/journal
●●
Cita: Experimental Hematology: <> 2002 Nov;30(11):1324-32.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Goebel WS; Yoder MC; Pech NK; Dinauer MC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric
Research and Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, James Whitcomb
Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Indianapolis, IN, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - OBJECTIVE: We investigated low-dose
radiation conditioning for the transplantation of retrovirus-transduced cells
in a C57Bl6/J murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of low-dose
radiation on stem cell function was investigated using a competitive
repopulation assay. Stem cell function of marrow cells that underwent a
retroviral-mediated gene transfer (RMGT) protocol was examined by this assay,
and donor chimerism of these cells when transplanted into 160-cGy conditioned
syngeneic hosts was compared to fresh marrow. RESULTS: Irradiation with 300 or
160 cGy substantially decreased stem cell function as measured by competitive
repopulation. Animals conditioned with 160 cGy and transplanted with 20 x 10(6)
fresh marrow cells permitted donor cell engraftment of 53.6% +/- 11.4% 6 months
after transplant compared to 100% donor cell engraftment after 1100 cGy
irradiation. Lymphoid and myeloid engraftment did not significantly differ from
total engraftment in submyeloablated hosts. When transplanted into lethally
irradiated hosts, the competitive repopulating activity of marrow treated with
a single dose of 5-fluorouracil followed by ex vivo culture according to a
standard RMGT protocol was equal to 5-fluorouracil-only treated marrow.
However, cells treated with 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorouracil plus ex vivo
culture for RMGT repopulated less well than fresh marrow cells in 160 cGy
conditioned hosts. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose irradiation decreases host stem cell
function, allowing engraftment of both fresh and RMGT protocol-treated marrow,
although the engraftment of 5-fluorouracil-treated cells was reduced at least
two-fold, and 5-fluorouracil plus RMGT protocol-treated cells at least
three-fold, compared to fresh marrow. Modification of current RMGT protocols may
be important for optimizing engraftment under these conditions.
----------------------------------------------------
[170]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - T-cell activation
through the antigen receptor. Part 2: role of signaling cascades in T-cell
differentiation, anergy, immune senescence, and development of immunotherapy.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002
Jun;109(6):901-15.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Nel AE; Slaughter N
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Clinical Immunology/Allergy,
Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles 90095-1680, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Part 2 of this review on cellular
activation by the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) will highlight how TCR
signaling pathways are adapted to achieve specific biologic outcomes, including
different states of T-cell differentiation and the induction of T-cell
tolerance. We will also explore how treatment with altered peptide ligands
affects TCR signaling to change T-cell differentiation or to induce an anergy
state. These changes are accomplished through alteration of protein tyrosine
kinase activity, the stoichiometry of phosphorylation of immunoreceptor
tyrosine-based activation motifs, intracellular free ionized calcium flux,
mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, and transcriptional activation of
key cytokine promoters. The CTLA-4 plays an important role in the induction and
maintenance of anergy. The second theme will highlight how altered TCR signal
transduction, including changes in the compartmentalization of signaling
components at the TCR synapse, contributes to decreased T-cell activation
during immune senescence. Finally, we will illustrate how the molecular details
of TCR activation can be used to modify the function of the immune system. This
includes a description of the mechanism of action of altered peptide ligands,
CTLA-4Ig, and pharmacologic inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases,
nuclear factor kappaB, and protein kinase C cascades. N. Ref:: 128
----------------------------------------------------
[171]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Gastroduodenal Crohn’s
disease: medical management.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Inflamm Bowel Dis 2003 Mar;9(2):127-8;
discussion 131.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Tremaine WJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. tremaine.william@mayo.edu N. Ref:: 9
----------------------------------------------------
[172]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - HLA in coeliac disease:
unravelling the complex genetics of a complex disorder.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Tissue Antigens 2003 Feb;61(2):105-17.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Louka AS; Sollid LM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet,
University of Oslo, Norway.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Coeliac disease (gluten sensitive
enteropathy) is a common, polygenic and multifactorial disorder that serves as
a pioneering model for the study of inflammatory disease. A major environmental
factor is known (ingested gluten from wheat), and there is unprecedented
genetic and functional evidence pinpointing HLA-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 ( DQ2) and
DQA1*03-DQB1*0302 ( DQ8) in disease predisposition. We discuss the current
state of play in coeliac disease genetics, focussing particularly on the HLA
complex. Emerging evidence suggests that additional HLA risk loci exert weak
effects, independent of DQA1*05-DQB1*02, on the B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype. There is
also good evidence from linkage studies of disease gene(s) on chromosome 5q. We
discuss the role and implications of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype
blocks in complex disease gene mapping. We briefly address findings from
studies of animal models for chronic inflammatory disease, and consider roles
for both common genes associated with multiple inflammatory diseases, and genes
unique to coeliac disease. The coeliac genetics research community has
established a sound foundation for the identification of additional disease
genes in the not-too-distant future. Functional studies will play a critical
role, and coeliac disease has a promising future in this respect. Coeliac
disease continues to function as a model disorder, facilitating the development
and implementation of complex disease gene mapping strategies. N. Ref:: 59
----------------------------------------------------
[173]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - HLA-DPB1 and chronic
beryllium disease: a HuGE review.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Epidemiol 2003 Mar 1;157(5):388-98.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - McCanlies EC; Kreiss K; Andrew M; Weston A
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch,
Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505,
USA. eim4@cdc.gov
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex
is a series of genes located on chromosome 6 that are important in normal
immune function. Susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease, a granulomatous
lung disease that appears in workers exposed to beryllium, is modified by
genetic variants of the HLA-DP subregion. Evaluation of HLA-DPB1 sequence
motifs in current and former beryllium workers implicated a glutamic acid
residue at position 69 (HLA-DPB1(Glu69)) in chronic beryllium disease. This
finding has since been extended to specific HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles. Specific
job tasks have also been implicated in degree of risk, and in this paper the
authors explore gene-environment interaction. The utility of this genetic information
for prospective, current, and former beryllium workers must be weighed against
the potential for employment and insurance discrimination. Continued research
in the beryllium-exposed population will be important for improving personal
risk assessment and identifying high-risk genes associated with disease
progression. N.
Ref:: 79
----------------------------------------------------
[174]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Donor-specific
tolerance in fully major histocompatibility major histocompatibility complex-mismatched
limb allograft transplants under an anti-alphabeta T-cell receptor monoclonal
antibody and cyclosporine A protocol.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2003 Dec 27;76(12):1662-8.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000105343.49626.6F
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Siemionow MZ; Izycki DM; Zielinski M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland
Clinic Foundation, A60, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. siemiom@ccf.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Recent studies have
demonstrated that treatment with alphabeta-T-cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal
antibody and cyclosporine A (CsA) can extend survival in composite tissue
allografts (CTA). The purpose of this study was to induce tolerance in fully
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched rat limb allografts under 7
days of a combined alphabeta-TCR-CsA protocol. METHODS: The authors performed
30 hind-limb allotransplantations across the MHC barrier between Brown Norway
donors (BN; RT1n) and Lewis recipients (LEW; RT1l). Isograft and allograft
controls received no treatment. The experimental groups received monotherapy of
alphabeta-TCR and CsA or a combination of alphabeta-TCR and CsA for 7 days
only. Donor-specific tolerance and immunocompetence were determined by standard
skin grafting in vivo and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro. The
efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy and the level of donor-specific chimerism
were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Long-term survival (>350 days)
was achieved in allograft recipients (n=6) under the 7-day protocol of combined
alphabeta-TCR-CsA. Donor-specific tolerance and immunocompetence of long-term
chimeras were confirmed by acceptance of skin grafts from the donors and
rejection of the third-party alloantigens (AxC Irish). At day 120, MLR
demonstrated unresponsiveness to the host and donor antigens but strong
reactivity against third-party alloantigens. Flow cytometry confirmed the high
efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment and the development of donor-specific
chimerism (7.6% of CD4+-RT1n+ cells, 1.3% of CD8+-RT1n+ cells, and 16.5% of
CD45RA+-RT1n+ cells) in the periphery of tolerated recipients. CONCLUSIONS:
Combined therapy of alphabeta-TCR-CsA for 7 days resulted in tolerance
induction in fully MHC-mismatched rat hind-limb allografts. Tolerance was
directly associated with stable, donor-specific chimerism.
----------------------------------------------------
[175]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Perioperative
single-dose glucocorticoid administration: pathophysiologic effects and
clinical implications.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Am Coll Surg 2002 Nov;195(5):694-712.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Holte K; Kehlet H
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Surgical Gastroenterology,
Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark. N.
Ref:: 138
----------------------------------------------------
[176]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunomodulatory
effects of statins: mechanisms and potential impact on arteriosclerosis.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Am Soc Nephrol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jasn.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: <> 2002
Jun;13(6):1673-81.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Palinski W; Tsimikas S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Medicine 0682, University of
California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0682, USA. wpalinski@ucsd.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Clinical trials with statins have
demonstrated a marked reduction of cardiovascular mortality. However, it
remains controversial whether these clinical benefits stem from powerful
cholesterol-lowering effects of statins or whether they are due in part to
their cholesterol-independent effects on vascular function, plaque growth,
plaque rupture, or thrombosis. The identification of several mechanisms through
which statins decrease the recruitment of monocytes and T cells into the
arterial wall and inhibit T cell activation and proliferation in vitro have
prompted speculations that immunomodulatory effects of statins may be
beneficial in recipients of organ transplants. Hypercholesterolemia is frequent
in these patients, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in the arterial
walls of the graft may be compounded by chronic inflammation associated with
conventional atherogenesis. To assess the potential clinical relevance of
immunomodulatory effects of statins, the role of the immune system in
atherogenesis and the effects of statins in vitro in experimental models and in
clinical trials will be reviewed. It is concluded that despite solid in vitro
evidence, clinical evidence for an independent immunosuppressive effect of
statins in organ transplant patients is presently insufficient; however,
further investigation of their in vivo occurrence and clinical relevance is
warranted. N. Ref:: 106
----------------------------------------------------
[177]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Intravenous ribavirin
treatment for severe adenovirus disease in immunocompromised children.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Pediatrics 2002 Jul;110(1 Pt 1):e9.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gavin PJ; Katz BZ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Infectious Diseases,
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Hospital and Northwestern
University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA. pgavin@childrensmemorial.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Adenovirus is an important
cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host. The incidence
of severe adenovirus disease in pediatrics is increasing in association with
growing numbers of immunocompromised children, where case fatality rates as
high as 50% to 80% have been reported. There are no approved antiviral agents
with proven efficacy for the treatment of severe adenovirus disease, nor are
there any prospective randomized, controlled trials of potentially useful
anti-adenovirus therapies. Apparent clinical success in the treatment of severe
adenovirus disease is limited to a few case reports and small series.
Experience is greatest with intravenous ribavirin and cidofovir. Ribavirin, a
guanosine analogue, has broad antiviral activity against both RNA and DNA
viruses, including documented activity against adenovirus in vitro. Ribavirin
is licensed in aerosol form for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus
infection, and orally in combination with interferon to treat hepatitis C.
Intravenous ribavirin is the treatment of choice for infection with hemorrhagic
fever viruses. The most common adverse effect of intravenous ribavirin is
reversible mild anemia. The use of cidofovir in severe adenovirus infection has
been limited by adverse effects, the most significant of which is
nephrotoxicity. OBJECTIVE: We report our experience with intravenous ribavirin
therapy for severe adenovirus disease in a series of immunocompromised children
and review the literature. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the
medical records of 5 children treated with intravenous ribavirin for documented
severe adenovirus disease. Two patients developed adenovirus hemorrhagic
cystitis after cardiac and bone marrow transplants, respectively. The bone
marrow transplant patient also received intravenous cidofovir for progressive
disseminated disease. An additional 3 children developed adenovirus pneumonia;
2 were neonates, 1 of whom had partial DiGeorge syndrome. The remaining infant
had recently undergone a cardiac transplant. Intravenous ribavirin was
administered on a compassionate-use protocol. RESULTS: Complete clinical recovery
followed later by viral clearance was observed in 2 children: the cardiac
transplant recipient with adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis and the
immunocompetent neonate with adenovirus pneumonia. The remaining 3 children
died of adenovirus disease. Intravenous ribavirin therapy was well tolerated.
Use of cidofovir in 1 child was associated with progressive renal failure and
neutropenia. DISCUSSION: Our series of patients is representative of the
spectrum of immunocompromised children at greatest risk for severe adenovirus
disease, namely solid-organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, neonates,
and children with immunodeficiency. Although intravenous ribavirin was not
effective for all children with severe adenovirus disease in this series or in
the literature, therapy is unlikely to be of benefit if begun late in the
course of the infection. Early identification, eg by polymerase chain reaction
of those patients at risk of disseminated adenovirus disease may permit earlier
antiviral treatment and better evaluation of therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS:
Two of 5 children with severe adenovirus disease treated with intravenous
ribavirin recovered. The availability of newer rapid diagnostic techniques,
such as polymerase chain reaction, may make earlier, more effective treatment
of adenovirus infection possible. Given the seriousness and increasing
prevalence of adenovirus disease in certain hosts, especially children, a
large, multicenter clinical trial of potentially useful anti-adenoviral
therapies, such as intravenous ribavirin, is clearly required to demonstrate
the most effective and least toxic therapy.
N. Ref:: 45
----------------------------------------------------
[178]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Memory T cells: a
hurdle to immunologic tolerance.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Am Soc Nephrol. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jasn.org/
●●
Cita: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: <> 2003
Sep;14(9):2402-10.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Lakkis FG; Sayegh MH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Section of Nephrology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
06520-8029, USA. fadi.lakkis@yale.edu N. Ref:: 112
----------------------------------------------------
[179]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The genetics of
autoimmune endocrine disease.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003 Jul;59(1):1-11.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Tait KF; Gough SC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Medical Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston and Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green
East, Birmingham, UK.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The common autoimmune endocrinopathies
result from an interaction between environmental factors and genetic
predisposition. Several chromosomal gene regions have been shown to contribute
to more than one disease, supporting the clinical observation that the
autoimmune endocrine diseases cluster within individuals and families. Genetic
studies have implicated the major histocompatability complex (MHC)-human
leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes on chromosome 6p21, although this chromosomal
region does not explain all of the genetic contribution to the various
disorders. Non-MHC-HLA genes, including disease-specific loci, are beginning to
be identified and the publication of the draft sequence of the human genome
will undoubtedly expediate future discoveries. Combined with the establishment
of large cohorts of subjects with disease and the development of technology
capable of performing high-throughput genotyping, genetic studies are likely to
impact on the future treatment and prevention of the common autoimmune
endocrine diseases. N.
Ref:: 107
----------------------------------------------------
[180]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Liposomal amphotericin
B in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2003
Apr;17(2):183-8.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Minodier P; Retornaz K; Horelt A; Garnier
JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Pediatric Emergency Unit, CHU Nord, Chemin
des Bourrelly, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, France. philippe.minodier@ap-hm.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The leishmaniases are protozoan diseases
caused by Leishmania parasites. The first-line treatment of its visceral forms
is pentavalent antimony (meglumine antimoniate or sodium stibogluconate), but
toxicity is frequent with this drug. Moreover antimony unresponsiveness is
increasing in Leishmania infantum and L. donovani foci, both in immunocompetent
and in immunosuppressed patients. Amphotericin B is a polyene macrolide
antibiotic that binds to sterols in cell membranes. It is the most active
antileishmanial agent in use. Its infusion-related and renal toxicity may be
reduced by lipid-based delivery. Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome); Gilead
Science, Paris, France) seems to be less toxic than other amphotericin B lipid
formulations (Amphocil); Liposome Technology Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA,
Amphotec); Ben Venue Laboratories Inc., Bedford, OH, USA). Optimal drug
regimens of AmBisome) vary from one geographical area to another. In the
Mediterranean Basin, a total dose of 18 mg/kg (3 mg/kg on days 1-5 and 3 mg/kg
on day 10) could be used as first-line treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in
immunocompetent patients. In immunocompromised patients, especially those
co-infected with HIV, relapses are frequent with AmBisome), as with other drugs.
N. Ref:: 55
----------------------------------------------------
[181]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Vascular disease in
mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD).
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Intern Med 2001 Dec;40(12):1176.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Kondo H
N. Ref:: 13
----------------------------------------------------
[182]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Subcutaneous black
fungus (phaeohyphomycosis) infection in renal transplant recipients:three
cases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2004 Jan 15;77(1):140-2.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1097/01.TP.0000107287.70512.E7
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Yehia M; Thomas M; Pilmore H; Van Der
Merwe W; Dittmer I
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Auckland Renal Transplant Group, Auckland
Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. mahay@adhb.govt.nz
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - We describe three cases of subcutaneous
phaeohyphomycosis developing in the lower limbs of renal transplant recipients
shortly after transplantation. Each case presented with dark-colored nodules
that subsequently ulcerated. Histopathologic examination revealed dematiaceous
fungal hyphae with a surrounding granulomatous reaction. The fungi were subsequently
identified as Alternaria alternatum in two cases and Phialophora richardsiae in
one case. In one case, the lesions resolved during a prolonged (6-month) course
of itraconazole without the requirement for surgical excision. In the other two
cases, combined medical and surgical treatment resulted in cure. A review of
the literature on phaeohyphomycosis is presented. N. Ref:: 11
----------------------------------------------------
[183]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Prevention of
transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease by inactivation of T cells in
platelet components.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Semin Hematol 2001 Oct;38(4 Suppl
11):34-45.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Luban NL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Laboratory Medicine and
Pathology and the Transfusion Medicine/Donor Center, Children’s National
Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Patients with hematological malignancies
and infants with congenital immunodeficiencies who received blood are two of
many populations at risk for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
(TA-GVHD). Of the methodologies (eg, photoinactivation, peglyation, ultraviolet
light, and irradiation) that can be used to prevent TA-GVHD, only irradiation
of whole blood and cellular components is currently accepted practice of the US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Among the newer methods that have been
developed to reduce the risks of bacterial and viral contaminants of platelet
transfusions, photochemical treatment (PCT) using psoralens and long-wavelength
ultraviolet (UVA) irradiation modifies bacterial and viral genomes sufficiently
to inhibit replication. Among a broad group of compounds, the synthetic
psoralen compound amotosalen hydrochloride (HCl) (S-59) has been shown to be
particularly effective in inactivating bacteria and viruses, without adversely
affecting in vitro and in vivo platelet function. N. Ref:: 92
----------------------------------------------------
[184]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Hepatosplenic
gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma in immunocompromised patients. Report of two cases
and review of literature.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Am J Clin Pathol 2001 Jul;116(1):41-50.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Khan WA; Yu L; Eisenbrey AB; Crisan D; al
Saadi A; Davis BH; Hankin RC; Mattson JC
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Clinical Pathology Department, William
Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - We describe 2 male patients in whom
hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) developed 6 and 10 years after
renal transplantation. The onset was abrupt with systemic symptoms, cytopenia,
and hepatosplenomegaly. The histologic examination of the spleen (case 1),
liver, and bone marrow revealed sinusoidal infiltrates of markedly abnormal
lymphocytes. The neoplastic cells in these cases were CD2+, CD3+, CD4-, CD5-,
CD7+, CD8+, CD16+, CD56+, beta F1-negative, and TIA-1-negative. Both cases
displayed clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) delta gene and the
TCR beta gene. The spleen in case 1 was positive for Epstein-Barr virus genome
and showed TCR-gamma gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction.
Isochromosome 7 [i(7)(q10)] was found in each case. Both patients died within 4
months of diagnosis. HSTL has been reported in only 5 renal transplant recipients.
HSTL may be relatively more frequent in immunocompromised patients compared
with the general population. N.
Ref:: 35
----------------------------------------------------
[185]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Human
plasmacytoid-derived dendritic cells and the induction of T-regulatory cells.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Hum Immunol 2002 Dec;63(12):1149-55.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gilliet M; Liu YJ
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto,
California, USA. m.gilliet@usz.ch
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Suppression by T-regulatory (Tr) cells is
essential for the induction of T-cell tolerance and the prevention of
autoimmune diseases, organ rejection, and graft-versus-host disease. Increasing
attention has been devoted to understand the role of dendritic cells (DC) in
the control of Tr-cell differentiation. Here we review the recent evidence that
cluster designation (CD)40-ligand activated plasmacytoid-derived DCs (DC2) have
the ability to induce primary Tr-cell differentiation. We propose that in
addition to the regulatory functions of immature myeloid DC, Tr-cell induction
by DC2 represents a nonredundant mechanism for the safeguard of peripheral
T-cell tolerance. DC2 can be used as tool to drive potent antigen specific
Tr-cell differentiation and expansion in vitro and in vivo. N. Ref:: 51
----------------------------------------------------
[186]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - HFE, the MHC and
hemochromatosis: paradigm for an extended function for MHC class I.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Tissue Antigens 2003 Apr;61(4):263-75.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Cardoso CS; de Sousa M
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Molecular Immunology, Institute for
Molecular and Cell Biology, Oporto, Portugal Molecular Pathology and
Immunology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar, OPorto, Portugal.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - HFE was discovered as the hereditary
hemochromatosis (HH) gene. It is located on chromosome 6 (6p21.3), 4Mb
telomeric to the HLA-A locus, and its product has a structure similar to MHC
class I molecules. HFE encodes two frequent mutations: C282Y and H63D. One of
these (C282Y) is present in a large proportion of Caucasian HH patients. HFE
has a tissue distribution compatible with a role in iron absorption
(intestine), recycling (macrophages) and transport to the fetus
(placenta). N. Ref:: 97
----------------------------------------------------
[187]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Unrelated donor
hematopoietic cell transplantation: marrow or umbilical cord blood?
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Blood. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.bloodjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Blood: <> 2003 Jun 1;101(11):4233-44. Epub 2003 Jan 9.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1182/blood-2002-08-2510
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Grewal SS; Barker JN; Davies SM; Wagner JE
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St
SE, MMC 477, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. grewa002@umn.edu N. Ref:: 165
----------------------------------------------------
[188]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Cytokine-based
immunointervention in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Exp Immunol 2003 May;132(2):185-92.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Adorini L
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - BioXell, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan,
Italy. luciano.adorini@bioxell.com N. Ref:: 99
----------------------------------------------------
[189]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Vascular thrombosis and
acute cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients: report of 2 cases
and literature review.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Infect Dis 2003 Jun 1;36(11):E134-9.
Epub 2003 May 19.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Abgueguen P; Delbos V; Chennebault JM;
Payan C; Pichard E
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre
Hospitalo-Universitaire, Angers, France. piabgueguen@chu-angers.fr
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in
immunocompetent patients is common worldwide, with seroprevalence rates of
40%-100%, depending on the country, socioeconomic conditions, and the patient’s
age. Infection is most often asymptomatic, but acute cytomegalovirus infection
is occasionally revealed by prolonged fever, cervical lymphadenitis, and
arthralgia, and it is more rarely revealed by pneumonia, myocarditis,
pericarditis, colitis, and hemolytic anemia. Here, we report 2 cases of acute
CMV infection in nonimmunocompromised adults that were complicated by venous
thrombosis with pulmonary embolism. We also review previously reported cases of
vascular thrombosis and discuss the propensity of CMV to induce vascular damage
with associated thrombosis. N.
Ref:: 55
----------------------------------------------------
[190]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Dimerizer-regulated
gene expression.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Opin Biotechnol 2002
Oct;13(5):459-67.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Pollock R; Clackson T
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - ARIAD Gene Therapeutics, 26 Landsdowne
Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. roy.pollock@ariad.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Control of gene expression using small
molecules is a powerful research tool and has clinical utility in the context
of regulated gene therapy. Use of chemical inducers of dimerization, or
dimerizers, for this purpose has several advantages, including tight
regulation, modularity to facilitate iterative improvements, and assembly from
human proteins to minimize immune responses in clinical applications. Recent
developments include the use of the rapamycin-based dimerizer system to
regulate the expression of endogenous genes, the generation of new chemical
dimerizers based on FK506, dexamethasone and methotrexate, and progress towards
the clinical use of adeno-associated virus and adenovirus vectors regulated by
rapamycin analogs. N.
Ref:: 40
----------------------------------------------------
[191]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - DNA methylation and
expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II
transactivator genes in human developmental tumor cells and in T cell
malignancies.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Clin Immunol 2003 Oct;109(1):46-52.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - van den Elsen PJ; Holling TM; van der
Stoep N; Boss JM
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Division of Molecular Biology, Department
of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands. pjvdelsen@lumc.nl
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class I and class II molecules play essential roles in the immune response by
virtue of their ability to present peptides to T lymphocytes. Given their
central role in adaptive immunity, the genes encoding these peptide-presenting
molecules are regulated in a tight fashion to meet with local requirements for
an adequate immune response. In contrast to MHC class I gene products, which
are expressed on almost all nucleated cells, constitutive expression of MHC
class II molecules is found in specialized antigen presenting cells of the
immune system only. Transcription of both MHC class I and class II genes can be
induced by immune regulators and upon cell activation. Transcription of MHC
class I genes is mediated by a set of conserved cis acting regulatory elements
in their promoters. Of these regulatory elements, MHC class II promoters share
the SXY-module. Essential for activation of MHC class II promoters is the class
II transactivator (CIITA), which acts through protein/protein interactions with
regulatory factors bound to the SXY module. In this review, we discuss the role
of DNA methylation in relation to altered expression of MHC class I and CIITA
genes as observed in malignancies and in development. N. Ref:: 68
----------------------------------------------------
[192]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Pulmonary infiltrates
in the non-HIV-infected immunocompromised patient: etiologies, diagnostic
strategies, and outcomes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Chest. Acceso gratuito al texto completo a
partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.chestjournal.org/
●●
Cita: Chest: <> 2004 Jan;125(1):260-71.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Shorr AF; Susla GM; O’Grady NP
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA. afshorr@dnamail.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Pulmonary complications remain a major
cause of both morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. When such
individuals present with radiographic infiltrates, the clinician faces a
diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis in this setting is broad and
includes both infectious and noninfectious processes. Rarely are the
radiographic findings classic for one disease, and most potential etiologies
have overlapping clinical and radiographic appearances. In recent years,
several themes have emerged in the literature on this topic. First, an
aggressive approach to identifying a specific etiology is necessary; as a
corollary, diagnostic delay increases the risk for mortality. Second, the
evaluation of these infiltrates nearly always entails bronchoscopy.
Bronchoscopy allows identification of some etiologies with certainty, and often
allows for the exclusion of infectious agents even if the procedure is
otherwise unrevealing. Third, early use of CT scanning regularly demonstrates
lesions missed by plain radiography. Despite these advances, initial
therapeutic interventions include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and
other anti-infectives in order to ensure that the patients is receiving
appropriate therapy. With the results of invasive testing, these treatments are
then narrowed. Frustratingly, outcomes for immunocompromised patients with
infiltrates remain poor. N.
Ref:: 58
----------------------------------------------------
[193]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Alicaforsen. Isis
Pharmaceuticals.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2001
Oct;2(10):1401-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Gewirtz AT; Sitaraman S
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Emory University School of Medicine,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. agewirt@emory.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Alicaforsen (ISIS-2302) is an RNase
H-dependent antisense inhibitor of the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1
under development by Isis Pharmaceuticals, for the potential treatment of a
variety of inflammatory disorders [175741]. As of April 1997 it was in phase
III trials for Crohn’s disease (CD); however, the trial failed and, in December
1999, the company suspended development for this indication [352801]. In
October 2000, the company re-initiated development in CD [384820] and new phase
III trials had begin by May 2001 [409704]. In August 2000, phase II studies of
alicaforsen in an enema formulation for ulcerative colitis and a topical
formulation for psoriasis were ongoing [378715]. Development of the compound
for the potential treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was discontinued in
1999 [347579]. By the end of 1998, alicaforsen was in phase II trials for
kidney transplant rejection. At this time, these trials were expected to finish
in mid-1999 [343460]. However, they were ongoing in September 1999, although no
further development has been reported for this indication since that time
[338672]. In February 1995, Isis Pharmaceuticals and Boehringer Ingelheim (BI)
signed a collaborative agreement on cell adhesion inhibitors, including
alicaforsen [174111]. By early 1999, Isis and BI were to decide on the next
developmental step for alicaforsen following further analyses of its
performance against CD [292915], [315439]. Their joint development agreement
was terminated in 1999; Isis regained rights to the product and by September
1999 was in talks to license alicaforsen to another partner for CD [338672]. In
June 2000, Cytogenix entered into a sponsored research agreement with Baylor
College of Medicine at the Texas Medical Center Houston for the use of its ssDNA
expression system for the development of antisense strategies directed against
intercellular adhesion molecules for the purpose of reducing lung inflammation
and injury in disease states and conditions [369677]. US-05514788, and other
patents, cover antisense cell adhesion molecule inhibitors [212289],
[234792]. N. Ref:: 45
----------------------------------------------------
[194]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Accessory proteins that
control the assembly of MHC molecules with peptides.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Immunol Res 2001;23(2-3):205-14.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Van Kaer L
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0295, USA. luc.vankaer@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The stable assembly of Major
Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules with peptides is controlled by a
number of cofactors, including proteins with general housekeeping functions and
proteins with dedicated functions in MHC assembly. Recent work in my laboratory
has focused on two chaperones, tapasin (tpn) and DM, that play critical roles
in the loading of peptides onto MHC class I and MHC class II molecules,
respectively. Tapasin is a transmembrane protein that tethers empty class I
molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum to the transporter associated with
antigen processing. DM is a peptide exchange factor that binds with empty and
peptide-loaded class II molecules in endosomal and lysosomal compartments.
Although a number of different functions for tapasin and DM have been proposed,
emerging evidence suggests that both of these chaperones retain unstable MHC
molecules in peptide-loading compartments until they bind with high-affinity peptides.
These cofactors therefore promote the surface expression of long-lived
MHC-peptide complexes. N.
Ref:: 39
----------------------------------------------------
[195]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - The fission yeast TOR
proteins and the rapamycin response: an unexpected tale.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2004;279:85-95.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Weisman R
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Molecular Microbiology and
Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv,
Israel. ronitt@post.tau.ac.il
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - The TOR proteins are known as key
regulators of cell growth in response to nutritional and mitogenic signals and
as targets for the immunosuppressive and anti-cancerous drug rapamycin. The
fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two TOR homologues, tor1+ and
tor2+. Despite their structural similarity, these genes have distinct
functions: tor1+ is required under starvation, extreme temperatures, and osmotic
or oxidative stress conditions, whereas tor2+ is required under normal growth
conditions. Surprisingly, rapamycin does not seem to inhibit the S. pombe
TOR-related functions. Rapamycin specifically inhibits sexual development in S.
pombe, and this seems to stem from direct inhibition of the S. pombe FKBP12
homologue. Why S. pombe cells are resistant to rapamycin during the growth
phase is as yet unclear and awaits further analysis of the TOR-dependent
signaling pathways. N.
Ref:: 27
----------------------------------------------------
[196]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Renal function as a
predictor of long-term graft survival in renal transplant patients.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Nephrol Dial Transplant. Acceso gratuito
al texto completo a partir de los 2 años de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://ndt.oupjournals.org/
●●
Cita: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: <> 2003 May;18 Suppl 1:i3-6.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - First MR
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Research and Development, Fujisawa
Healthcare, Inc., Deerfield, IL 60015, USA. roy_first@fujisawa.com
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - Acute rejection is a major risk factor for
kidney graft failure. However, as acute rejection has been progressively
reduced by recent immunosuppressive regimens, other risk factors are becoming
increasingly important. Evidence is accumulating that early renal function
predicts long-term outcome. A recent registry survey of more than 100 000 kidney
transplants found that 6- and 12-month serum creatinine levels, as well as the
change between 6 and 12 months, are strongly associated with long-term graft
survival. A survey of paediatric renal transplant recipients showed that poor
creatinine clearance (<50 ml/min) as early as 30 days post-transplant
predicted an annual rate of graft loss of 13% compared with <3% in patients
with 30-day clearance >50 ml/min. This association between early renal
function and long-term outcome was confirmed in multicentre studies. Renal
transplant recipients (n=572) with 6-month serum creatinine levels >1.5
mg/dl suffered 3-year graft loss of 19.3% compared with only 8.5% in patients
with levels <1.6 mg/dl (P<0.001). Significantly fewer patients receiving
tacrolimus had 12-month serum creatinine levels >1.5 mg/dl compared with
cyclosporin (42 versus 54%, P<0.05). Interestingly, a single-centre study
(n=436) found that while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 6 months
post-transplant had remained stable over the last decade, the rate of loss of
renal function had decreased. A lower rate of GFR loss was associated with
absence of rejection, use of mycophenolate mofetil rather than azathioprine and
use of tacrolimus rather than cyclosporin (P<0.01). In conclusion, early measures
of renal function allow identification of those patients at highest risk of
graft failure and provide an invaluable tool for improving outcomes by tailored
immunosuppression. The choice of such immunosuppression should be guided not
only by its ability to prevent rejection, but also by its impact on renal
function. N. Ref:: 11
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[197]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Current treatments for
CIDP.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Neurology 2003 Apr 1;60(8 Suppl 3):S16-22.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Ropper AH
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Saint Elizabeth’s Medical Center/Tufts
University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Allan_Ropper_MD@cchcs.org
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - This article reviews the efficacy and
tolerability of currently available therapies, including intravenous
immunoglobulin (IVIg), corticosteroids, and plasma exchange (PE), for treatment
of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Data show
that current therapies are effective in approximately two-thirds of patients.
However, they fail to provide a durable clinical response. Furthermore, current
treatments have several limitations that make them problematic for long-term
therapy. IVIg dosing is required approximately every 2 to 8 weeks in most
patients to maintain improvement. It is expensive, time-consuming to
administer, and availability can be a problem. Furthermore, IVIg is a blood
product that is associated with rare thromboembolic events. Corticosteroids
have poor safety and tolerability profiles, and PE is invasive, time-consuming,
expensive, and can be performed only at specialized centers. An alternative to
single-agent therapy with current treatments is the use of combination therapy.
Combination therapy may increase the duration of response, provide increased
efficacy or independent efficacy in unresponsive patients, and reduce the need
for standard therapies. Research is needed to find agents suitable for single
and combination therapy in CIDP. N.
Ref:: 50
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[198]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Immunologic and genetic
factors in type 1 diabetes.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - J Biol Chem. Acceso gratuito al texto
completo a partir de 1 año de la fecha de publicación.
●●
Enlace a la Editora de la Revista http://www.jbc.org/
●●
Cita: J. of Biological Chemistry: <> 2002 Nov 15;277(46):43545-8. Epub
2002 Sep 20.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1074/jbc.R200012200
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Notkins AL
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Experimental Medicine Section, Oral
Infection and Immunity Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892-4322, USA. anotkins@mail.nih.gov N. Ref:: 28
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[199]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Postmenopausal
tubo-ovarian abscess due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a renal transplant
patient: a case report and review of the literature.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Transplantation 2001 Oct 15;72(7):1241-4.
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - El Khoury J; Stikkelbroeck MM; Goodman A;
Rubin RH; Cosimi AB; Fishman JA
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Infectious Disease Division, GRJ 504,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an
uncommon cause of infection in the female genital tract. We report a case of
postmenopausal tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) due to P. aeruginosa in a renal
transplant recipient. The presentation included mild abdominal symptoms with
rapid progression of peritonitis and surgical abscess drainage. This is the
first such case in an organ transplant recipient described in the English
literature. METHODS AND RESULTS: Published reports of 1040 cases of TOA were
reviewed. The most common features were a history of sexually transmitted
disease or pelvic inflammatory disease, and symptoms including abdominal pain
and fever. Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae were
the most frequently encountered pathogens. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia
trachomatis, which are frequently isolated from cervical cultures, are
uncommonly isolated from tubo-ovarian abscesses. Forty percent of patients were
treated with antibiotics alone, 18.8% with abdominal surgery, and 32% with
surgery and antimicrobial therapy. CONCLUSION: This report illustrates the
muted presentation and atypical microbiology of gynecologic infection in an
organ transplant recipient. N.
Ref:: 59
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[200]
TÍTULO / TITLE: - Hematopoietic cell
transplantation for inherited metabolic diseases: an overview of outcomes and
practice guidelines.
REVISTA
/ JOURNAL: - Bone Marrow Transplant 2003
Feb;31(4):229-39.
●●
Enlace al texto completo (gratuito o de pago) 1038/sj.bmt.1703839
AUTORES
/ AUTHORS: - Peters C; Steward CG
INSTITUCIÓN
/ INSTITUTION: - Department of Pediatrics, University of
Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
RESUMEN
/ SUMMARY: - For the past two decades, hematopoietic
cell transplantation (HCT) has been used as effective therapy for selected
inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) including Hurler (MPS IH) and Maroteaux-Lamy
(MPS VI) syndromes, childhood-onset cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
(X-ALD), globoid-cell leukodystrophy (GLD), metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD),
alpha-mannosidosis, osteopetrosis, and others. Careful pre-HCT evaluation is
critical and coordinated, multidisciplinary follow-up is essential in this
field of transplantation. The primary goals of HCT for these disorders have
been to promote long-term survival with donor-derived engraftment and to
optimize the quality of life. Guidelines for HCT and monitoring are provided; a
brief overview of long-term results is also presented. N. Ref:: 131
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